Streamflow

Weather and Climate

Streamflow

How the amount and timing of streamflow in rivers and streams across the United States have changed since 1940.

Figures

Figure 1. Seven-Day Low Streamflows in the United States, 1940-2022

Data source: USGS, 2023
Web update: June 2024

Figure 1

This map shows percentage changes in the minimum annual streamflow for rivers and streams across the country, based on the long-term rate of change from 1940 to 2022. Minimum streamflow is based on the consecutive seven-day period with the lowest average flow during a given year.

1 Alaska, and 7 Hawaii stations fall outside the map above and are shown here on the same scale, by trend value:

Figure 2

Show the data behind this figure

Station	Latitude	Longitude	Value	Unit
TAR RIVER NEAR TAR RIVER, NC	36.19417°N	78.58306°W	-74.41	percent change
ARROYO SECO NR PASADENA CA	34.22223°N	118.17757°W	-63.48	percent change
SOUTH FORK BLACK CREEK NR PENNEY FARMS, FLA.	29.97941°N	81.85204°W	-53.19	percent change
CONECUH RIVER AT BRANTLEY AL	31.57349°N	86.25162°W	-49.90	percent change
FALLING RIVER NEAR NARUNA, VA	37.12681°N	78.95974°W	-47.63	percent change
SUWANNEE RIVER AT WHITE SPRINGS, FLA.	30.32578°N	82.73818°W	-46.41	percent change
BIG ROCK C NR VALYERMO CA	34.42083°N	117.83951°W	-46.02	percent change
CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER NEAR NEWTON, AL.	31.34295°N	85.61049°W	-42.49	percent change
West Wailuaiki Stream near Keanae, Maui, HI	20.81769°N	156.14103°W	-41.13	percent change
MEHERRIN RIVER NEAR LAWRENCEVILLE, VA	36.71681°N	77.83166°W	-39.96	percent change
Lavaca Rv nr Edna, TX	28.95998°N	96.68637°W	-36.89	percent change
SOUTH SANTIAM RIVER BELOW CASCADIA, OR	44.39179°N	122.49758°W	-32.91	percent change
NASELLE RIVER NEAR NASELLE, WA	46.37399°N	123.74348°W	-32.19	percent change
NF STILLAGUAMISH RIVER NEAR ARLINGTON, WA	48.26149°N	122.04764°W	-31.43	percent change
LONG TOM RIVER NEAR NOTI, OREG.	44.04984°N	123.42621°W	-30.92	percent change
Piscataquis River near Dover-Foxcroft, Maine	45.17501°N	69.31470°W	-30.53	percent change
RAPIDAN RIVER NEAR CULPEPER, VA	38.35041°N	77.97500°W	-30.32	percent change
GOOSE CREEK NEAR HUDDLESTON, VA	37.17320°N	79.52031°W	-30.24	percent change
NF SKOKOMISH R BL STAIRCASE RPDS NR HOODSPORT, WA	47.51426°N	123.32989°W	-30.08	percent change
Kalihi Str nr Honolulu, Oahu, HI	21.36350°N	157.84420°W	-29.26	percent change
CHEHALIS RIVER NEAR DOTY, WA	46.61732°N	123.27764°W	-28.88	percent change
SILETZ RIVER AT SILETZ, OR	44.71512°N	123.88733°W	-28.18	percent change
Honopou Stream near Huelo, Maui, HI	20.88568°N	156.25274°W	-27.18	percent change
SAUK RIVER AB WHITECHUCK RIVER NEAR DARRINGTON, WA	48.16872°N	121.47067°W	-26.71	percent change
TYE RIVER NEAR LOVINGSTON, VA	37.71542°N	78.98169°W	-26.53	percent change
Mission Rv at Refugio, TX	28.29195°N	97.27916°W	-25.66	percent change
SAUK RIVER NEAR SAUK, WA	48.42456°N	121.56846°W	-24.94	percent change
LITTLE SANDY RIVER NEAR BULL RUN, OREG.	45.41540°N	122.17147°W	-24.47	percent change
DUCKABUSH RIVER NEAR BRINNON, WA	47.68398°N	123.01155°W	-24.02	percent change
GILA RIVER NEAR GILA, NM	33.06118°N	108.53728°W	-22.44	percent change
Mattawamkeag River near Mattawamkeag, Maine	45.50098°N	68.30596°W	-22.40	percent change
SOUTH FORK COQUILLE RIVER AT POWERS, OR	42.89150°N	124.07065°W	-22.06	percent change
ST. MARYS RIVER NR MACCLENNY, FLA.	30.35885°N	82.08150°W	-22.03	percent change
Hanawi Stream near Nahiku, Maui, HI	20.80686°N	156.11422°W	-19.62	percent change
EAST FORK LEWIS RIVER NEAR HEISSON, WA	45.83678°N	122.46621°W	-19.34	percent change
DUNGENESS RIVER NEAR SEQUIM, WA	48.01426°N	123.13268°W	-17.15	percent change
ROW RIVER ABOVE PITCHER CREEK NEAR, DORENA, OREG	43.73596°N	122.87340°W	-16.92	percent change
SANDY RIVER NEAR MARMOT, OR	45.39956°N	122.13731°W	-16.80	percent change
ST JOE RIVER AT CALDER ID	47.27464°N	116.18905°W	-15.26	percent change
ALSEA RIVER NEAR TIDEWATER, OR	44.38595°N	123.83178°W	-14.33	percent change
DEER C NR VINA CA	40.01405°N	121.94832°W	-14.07	percent change
NEHALEM RIVER NEAR FOSS, OR	45.70400°N	123.75541°W	-14.05	percent change
EB of NF Wailua River nr Lihue, Kauai, HI	22.06877°N	159.41526°W	-13.24	percent change
LOCHSA RIVER NR LOWELL ID	46.15083°N	115.58722°W	-12.83	percent change
NF COEUR D ALENE RIVER AT ENAVILLE ID	47.56889°N	116.25333°W	-12.80	percent change
Kawaikoi Stream nr Waimea, Kauai, HI	22.13267°N	159.61998°W	-12.69	percent change
SF PAYETTE RIVER AT LOWMAN ID	44.08528°N	115.62222°W	-12.67	percent change
COLE C NR SALT SPRINGS DAM CA	38.51908°N	120.21269°W	-12.36	percent change
MERCED R A HAPPY ISLES BRIDGE NR YOSEMITE CA	37.73159°N	119.55877°W	-12.30	percent change
HUBBARD RIVER NR. WEST HARTLAND, CT.	42.03732°N	72.93899°W	-12.26	percent change
TRAPPER CREEK NR OAKLEY ID	42.16583°N	113.98361°W	-11.49	percent change
RIO HONDO NEAR VALDEZ, NM	36.54169°N	105.55640°W	-11.10	percent change
MURDER CREEK NEAR EVERGREEN AL	31.41850°N	86.98664°W	-10.06	percent change
LITTLE NORTH SANTIAM RIVER NEAR MEHAMA, OR	44.79151°N	122.57897°W	-9.33	percent change
UMATILLA RIVER ABOVE MEACHAM CREEK, NR GIBBON, OR	45.71958°N	118.32329°W	-8.51	percent change
Buffalo River near St. Joe, AR	35.98318°N	92.74755°W	-8.42	percent change
Whiskey Chitto Creek Near Oberlin, LA	30.69875°N	92.89319°W	-8.26	percent change
Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine	44.30399°N	70.53968°W	-7.99	percent change
OYSTER RIVER NEAR DURHAM, NH	43.14870°N	70.96506°W	-7.96	percent change
BOUIE CREEK NR HATTIESBURG, MS	31.42583°N	89.41472°W	-7.16	percent change
SMITH R NR CRESCENT CITY CA	41.79150°N	124.07619°W	-6.55	percent change
BEAVER RIVER NEAR BEAVER, UT	38.28053°N	112.56827°W	-6.53	percent change
NORTHEAST CAPE FEAR RIVER NEAR CHINQUAPIN, NC	34.82889°N	77.83222°W	-6.21	percent change
COM F LOGAN R AB ST D AND LO HP AND SM C N LO UT	41.74438°N	111.78439°W	-6.07	percent change
MILL C NR LOS MOLINOS CA	40.05460°N	122.02415°W	-5.96	percent change
SALMON R A SOMES BAR CA	41.37763°N	123.47756°W	-5.86	percent change
AMERICAN RIVER NEAR NILE, WA	46.97762°N	121.16870°W	-5.43	percent change
SATSOP RIVER NEAR SATSOP, WA	47.00065°N	123.49488°W	-4.99	percent change
Tickfaw River at Holden, LA	30.50380°N	90.67732°W	-4.86	percent change
CHATTOOGA RIVER NEAR CLAYTON, GA	34.81398°N	83.30599°W	-4.83	percent change
Halawa Stream near Halawa, Molokai, HI	21.15550°N	156.76197°W	-4.59	percent change
NORTH FORK EMBARRAS RIVER NEAR OBLONG, IL	39.01004°N	87.94559°W	-4.28	percent change
N F SHENANDOAH RIVER AT COOTES STORE, VA	38.63706°N	78.85280°W	-3.87	percent change
BEAR C NR LAKE THOMAS A EDISON CA	37.33939°N	118.97345°W	-3.57	percent change
GOOSE CREEK NEAR LEESBURG, VA	39.01955°N	77.57749°W	-3.06	percent change
BOISE RIVER NR TWIN SPRINGS ID	43.65944°N	115.72722°W	-2.19	percent change
DUNLAP CREEK NEAR COVINGTON, VA	37.80290°N	80.04700°W	-2.10	percent change
REDDIES RIVER AT NORTH WILKESBORO, NC	36.17500°N	81.16889°W	-1.77	percent change
MANISTEE RIVER NEAR SHERMAN, MI	44.43639°N	85.69868°W	-1.06	percent change
JOHNSON CREEK AT YELLOW PINE ID	44.96167°N	115.50000°W	-0.98	percent change
WINTERING RIVER NR KARLSRUHE, ND	48.13834°N	100.53986°W	0.00	percent change
DONNER UND BLITZEN RIVER NR FRENCHGLEN OR	42.79083°N	118.86750°W	0.00	percent change
MOUNT HOPE RIVER NEAR WARRENVILLE, CT.	41.84371°N	72.16897°W	0.63	percent change
MANISTIQUE RIVER NEAR MANISTIQUE, MI	46.03053°N	86.16125°W	0.83	percent change
SANDY RIVER NEAR DANVILLE, VA	36.61958°N	79.50419°W	1.04	percent change
SO. BRANCH POTOMAC RIVER NR PETERSBURG, WV	38.99122°N	79.17587°W	1.19	percent change
NANTAHALA RIVER NEAR RAINBOW SPRINGS, NC	35.12750°N	83.61861°W	1.82	percent change
Fish River near Fort Kent, Maine	47.23739°N	68.58264°W	2.75	percent change
WALKER CREEK AT BANE, VA	37.26818°N	80.70951°W	3.29	percent change
Little Bighorn River at State Line nr Wyola MT	45.00691°N	107.61510°W	3.68	percent change
WATAUGA RIVER NEAR SUGAR GROVE, NC	36.23917°N	81.82222°W	4.32	percent change
E Fk San Jacinto Rv nr Cleveland, TX	30.33660°N	95.10410°W	4.45	percent change
MARTIN C NR PARADISE VALLEY, NV	41.53462°N	117.41790°W	4.48	percent change
WILLIAMS RIVER AT DYER, WV	38.37900°N	80.48397°W	4.71	percent change
NORTH MAYO RIVER NEAR SPENCER, VA	36.56819°N	79.98727°W	5.02	percent change
DEER CREEK AT ROCKS, MD	39.62997°N	76.40331°W	5.46	percent change
SOUTH FORK NEW RIVER NEAR JEFFERSON, NC	36.39333°N	81.40694°W	5.83	percent change
CRAIG CREEK AT PARR, VA	37.66596°N	79.91144°W	5.97	percent change
FRENCH BROAD RIVER AT ROSMAN, NC	35.14333°N	82.82472°W	6.42	percent change
Middle Fork Flathead River nr West Glacier MT	48.49524°N	114.01012°W	6.86	percent change
GREENBRIER RIVER AT BUCKEYE, WV	38.18595°N	80.13062°W	7.11	percent change
NORTH FORK BLACK CREEK NR MIDDLEBURG, FLA.	30.11330°N	81.90649°W	7.23	percent change
Aughwick Creek near Three Springs, PA	40.21258°N	77.92528°W	7.32	percent change
COAL CREEK NEAR CEDAR CITY, UT	37.67220°N	113.03467°W	8.16	percent change
NEW RIVER NEAR GALAX, VA	36.64735°N	80.97897°W	8.51	percent change
HOMOCHITTO RIVER AT EDDICETON, MS	31.50306°N	90.77750°W	8.66	percent change
RAYADO CREEK NEAR CIMARRON, NM	36.37226°N	104.97000°W	10.28	percent change
CEDAR CREEK NEAR WINCHESTER, VA	39.08122°N	78.32945°W	11.58	percent change
LEAF RIVER NR COLLINS, MS	31.70694°N	89.40694°W	13.31	percent change
Yellowstone River at Corwin Springs MT	45.11188°N	110.79438°W	14.20	percent change
S F HOLSTON RIVER NEAR DAMASCUS, VA	36.65178°N	81.84401°W	14.84	percent change
PECOS RIVER NEAR PECOS, NM	35.70837°N	105.68252°W	16.52	percent change
COWPASTURE RIVER NEAR CLIFTON FORGE, VA	37.79180°N	79.75949°W	16.68	percent change
PITMAN C BL TAMARACK C CA	37.19856°N	119.21373°W	18.39	percent change
CEDAR C NR CEDAR POINT, KS	38.19645°N	96.82458°W	19.32	percent change
STEHEKIN RIVER AT STEHEKIN, WA	48.32958°N	120.69177°W	19.38	percent change
LITTLE RIVER AT GRAYSONTOWN, VA	37.03763°N	80.55672°W	20.16	percent change
FLAT BROOK NEAR FLATBROOKVILLE NJ	41.10667°N	74.95222°W	20.93	percent change
CHEAT RIVER NEAR PARSONS, WV	39.12288°N	79.68117°W	21.55	percent change
N F HOLSTON RIVER NEAR SALTVILLE, VA	36.89678°N	81.74623°W	21.58	percent change
Diamond River near Wentworth Location, NH	44.87739°N	71.05749°W	22.20	percent change
Muncy Creek near Sonestown, PA	41.35702°N	76.53467°W	23.02	percent change
Wakatomika Creek near Frazeysburg OH	40.13257°N	82.14792°W	23.43	percent change
THUNDER CREEK NEAR NEWHALEM, WA	48.67263°N	121.07290°W	26.71	percent change
PERE MARQUETTE RIVER AT SCOTTVILLE, MI	43.94501°N	86.27869°W	27.02	percent change
Current River at Doniphan, MO	36.62200°N	90.84762°W	27.48	percent change
Carrabassett River near North Anson, Maine	44.86920°N	69.95510°W	30.33	percent change
Blockhouse Creek near English Center, PA	41.47368°N	77.23081°W	30.49	percent change
WELLS RIVER AT WELLS RIVER, VT	44.15034°N	72.06509°W	30.84	percent change
AMMONOOSUC RIVER AT BETHLEHEM JUNCTION, NH	44.26867°N	71.63036°W	32.65	percent change
GALLINAS CREEK NEAR MONTEZUMA, NM	35.65199°N	105.31890°W	33.23	percent change
BLACKWATER R AT DAVIS, WV	39.12705°N	79.46839°W	33.26	percent change
Nueces Rv at Laguna, TX	29.42857°N	99.99729°W	38.38	percent change
LITTLE FORK RIVER AT LITTLEFORK, MN	48.39578°N	93.54933°W	39.35	percent change
Jacks Fork at Eminence, MO	37.15408°N	91.35816°W	41.77	percent change
Lycoming Creek near Trout Run, PA	41.41841°N	77.03275°W	41.87	percent change
Fishing Creek near Bloomsburg, PA	41.07814°N	76.43106°W	42.32	percent change
Frio Rv at Concan, TX	29.48856°N	99.70478°W	43.67	percent change
Kettle Creek at Cross Fork, PA	41.47590°N	77.82583°W	43.74	percent change
SMITH RIVER NEAR BRISTOL, NH	43.56646°N	71.74786°W	46.23	percent change
Brokenstraw Creek at Youngsville, PA	41.85256°N	79.31727°W	48.19	percent change
Tiffin River at Stryker OH	41.50450°N	84.42967°W	48.63	percent change
Sherman Creek at Shermans Dale, PA	40.32342°N	77.16887°W	48.80	percent change
PRIEST BROOK NEAR WINCHENDON, MA	42.68259°N	72.11508°W	49.24	percent change
PAINT ROCK RIVER NEAR WOODVILLE AL	34.62425°N	86.30637°W	50.00	percent change
BUFFALO RIVER NEAR FLAT WOODS, TN	35.49591°N	87.83280°W	52.44	percent change
Bush Kill at Shoemakers, PA	41.08815°N	75.03767°W	52.90	percent change
Eleven Point River near Bardley, MO	36.64868°N	91.20082°W	54.64	percent change
NORTH RIVER AT SHATTUCKVILLE, MA	42.63842°N	72.72509°W	55.18	percent change
Towanda Creek near Monroeton, PA	41.70702°N	76.48467°W	56.76	percent change
FISH C NR KETCHIKAN AK	55.39160°N	131.19558°W	61.00	percent change
TREMPER KILL NEAR ANDES NY	42.12009°N	74.81849°W	62.22	percent change
Swift River near Roxbury, Maine	44.64275°N	70.58878°W	64.61	percent change
Loyalsock Creek at Loyalsockville, PA	41.32508°N	76.91246°W	65.40	percent change
WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT	43.71424°N	72.41815°W	67.82	percent change
MILL BROOK NEAR DUNRAVEN NY	42.10620°N	74.73043°W	70.36	percent change
RONDOUT CREEK NEAR LOWES CORNERS NY	41.86648°N	74.48710°W	73.56	percent change
WEST BRANCH WESTFIELD RIVER AT HUNTINGTON, MA	42.23731°N	72.89565°W	75.19	percent change
Pine Creek at Cedar Run, PA	41.52174°N	77.44748°W	77.94	percent change
BIG SANDY CREEK AT ROCKVILLE, WV	39.61564°N	79.70477°W	83.77	percent change
NEVERSINK RIVER NEAR CLARYVILLE NY	41.89009°N	74.58988°W	84.54	percent change
JUMP RIVER AT SHELDON, WI	45.30803°N	90.95653°W	88.26	percent change
North River at Palmyra, MO	39.81799°N	91.51770°W	106.91	percent change
STRANGER C NR TONGANOXIE, KS	39.11633°N	95.01088°W	108.20	percent change
Ohio Brush Creek near West Union OH	38.80368°N	83.42102°W	111.19	percent change
KICKAPOO RIVER AT LA FARGE, WI	43.57414°N	90.64319°W	114.31	percent change
LA MOINE RIVER AT RIPLEY, IL	40.02477°N	90.63179°W	114.49	percent change
PLATTE RIVER NEAR ROCKVILLE, WI	42.73110°N	90.64041°W	121.00	percent change
EAST BR DELAWARE R AT MARGARETVILLE NY	42.14481°N	74.65349°W	121.46	percent change
SOLDIER C NR TOPEKA, KS	39.09938°N	95.72495°W	125.10	percent change
AYERS BROOK AT RANDOLPH, VT	43.93451°N	72.65788°W	146.03	percent change
Driftwood Br Sinnemahoning Cr at Sterling Run, PA	41.41340°N	78.19695°W	147.67	percent change
SCHOHARIE CREEK AT PRATTSVILLE NY	42.31953°N	74.43654°W	177.81	percent change
GRANT RIVER AT BURTON, WI	42.72027°N	90.81929°W	183.60	percent change
ELKHORN CREEK NEAR PENROSE, IL	41.90281°N	89.69622°W	185.02	percent change
Turkey River at Garber, IA	42.73999°N	91.26180°W	213.43	percent change
EDWARDS RIVER NEAR NEW BOSTON, IL	41.18698°N	90.96737°W	246.26	percent change
SOUTH FORK KENTUCKY RIVER AT BOONEVILLE, KY	37.47981°N	83.67519°W	350.02	percent change
Mill Creek near Coshocton OH	40.36285°N	81.86236°W	355.43	percent change
BIG EAU PLEINE RIVER AT STRATFORD, WI	44.82191°N	90.07958°W	392.62	percent change
Fox River at Wayland, MO	40.39241°N	91.59788°W	478.75	percent change
Rapid Creek near Iowa City, IA	41.70002°N	91.48767°W	536.00	percent change
WHETSTONE RIVER NEAR BIG STONE CITY, SD	45.29163°N	96.48756°W	630.56	percent change
BIG BUREAU CREEK AT PRINCETON, IL	41.36587°N	89.49843°W	743.26	percent change
WHITE R NEAR OACOMA SD	43.74833°N	99.55649°W	842.87	percent change
CANNONBALL RIVER AT BREIEN, ND	46.37611°N	100.93444°W	2277.76	percent change

Figure 3

Figure 2. Three-Day High Streamflows in the United States, 1940-2022

Data source: USGS, 2023
Web update: June 2024

Figure data (CSV) EPA source data (CSV)

Figure 4

This map shows percentage changes in the maximum annual streamflow for rivers and streams across the country, based on the long-term rate of change from 1940 to 2022. Maximum streamflow is based on the consecutive three-day period with the highest average flow during a given year.

1 Alaska, and 7 Hawaii stations fall outside the map above and are shown here on the same scale, by trend value:

Figure 5

Show the data behind this figure

Station	Latitude	Longitude	Value	Unit
PLATTE RIVER NEAR ROCKVILLE, WI	42.73110°N	90.64041°W	-54.94	percent change
GRANT RIVER AT BURTON, WI	42.72027°N	90.81929°W	-49.04	percent change
CANNONBALL RIVER AT BREIEN, ND	46.37611°N	100.93444°W	-45.84	percent change
BEAVER RIVER NEAR BEAVER, UT	38.28053°N	112.56827°W	-33.96	percent change
DEER C NR VINA CA	40.01405°N	121.94832°W	-30.67	percent change
Driftwood Br Sinnemahoning Cr at Sterling Run, PA	41.41340°N	78.19695°W	-30.38	percent change
MARTIN C NR PARADISE VALLEY, NV	41.53462°N	117.41790°W	-30.22	percent change
ALSEA RIVER NEAR TIDEWATER, OR	44.38595°N	123.83178°W	-29.51	percent change
SMITH R NR CRESCENT CITY CA	41.79150°N	124.07619°W	-28.28	percent change
RIO HONDO NEAR VALDEZ, NM	36.54169°N	105.55640°W	-25.99	percent change
BIG EAU PLEINE RIVER AT STRATFORD, WI	44.82191°N	90.07958°W	-25.84	percent change
SOUTH FORK COQUILLE RIVER AT POWERS, OR	42.89150°N	124.07065°W	-25.53	percent change
MILL C NR LOS MOLINOS CA	40.05460°N	122.02415°W	-25.46	percent change
Towanda Creek near Monroeton, PA	41.70702°N	76.48467°W	-24.80	percent change
West Wailuaiki Stream near Keanae, Maui, HI	20.81769°N	156.14103°W	-24.38	percent change
RAYADO CREEK NEAR CIMARRON, NM	36.37226°N	104.97000°W	-24.08	percent change
Kalihi Str nr Honolulu, Oahu, HI	21.36350°N	157.84420°W	-24.02	percent change
ROW RIVER ABOVE PITCHER CREEK NEAR, DORENA, OREG	43.73596°N	122.87340°W	-23.43	percent change
TREMPER KILL NEAR ANDES NY	42.12009°N	74.81849°W	-23.40	percent change
LITTLE FORK RIVER AT LITTLEFORK, MN	48.39578°N	93.54933°W	-22.59	percent change
ST. MARYS RIVER NR MACCLENNY, FLA.	30.35885°N	82.08150°W	-21.48	percent change
COAL CREEK NEAR CEDAR CITY, UT	37.67220°N	113.03467°W	-21.30	percent change
Kettle Creek at Cross Fork, PA	41.47590°N	77.82583°W	-20.74	percent change
ARROYO SECO NR PASADENA CA	34.22223°N	118.17757°W	-20.38	percent change
PITMAN C BL TAMARACK C CA	37.19856°N	119.21373°W	-20.33	percent change
BIG ROCK C NR VALYERMO CA	34.42083°N	117.83951°W	-20.09	percent change
LONG TOM RIVER NEAR NOTI, OREG.	44.04984°N	123.42621°W	-20.03	percent change
KICKAPOO RIVER AT LA FARGE, WI	43.57414°N	90.64319°W	-19.98	percent change
SOUTH FORK KENTUCKY RIVER AT BOONEVILLE, KY	37.47981°N	83.67519°W	-19.83	percent change
BIG SANDY CREEK AT ROCKVILLE, WV	39.61564°N	79.70477°W	-19.58	percent change
COLE C NR SALT SPRINGS DAM CA	38.51908°N	120.21269°W	-19.24	percent change
Kawaikoi Stream nr Waimea, Kauai, HI	22.13267°N	159.61998°W	-19.02	percent change
SOUTH FORK BLACK CREEK NR PENNEY FARMS, FLA.	29.97941°N	81.85204°W	-17.68	percent change
CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER NEAR NEWTON, AL.	31.34295°N	85.61049°W	-17.11	percent change
Blockhouse Creek near English Center, PA	41.47368°N	77.23081°W	-17.09	percent change
Pine Creek at Cedar Run, PA	41.52174°N	77.44748°W	-16.98	percent change
SALMON R A SOMES BAR CA	41.37763°N	123.47756°W	-16.74	percent change
Muncy Creek near Sonestown, PA	41.35702°N	76.53467°W	-16.21	percent change
ST JOE RIVER AT CALDER ID	47.27464°N	116.18905°W	-15.51	percent change
CONECUH RIVER AT BRANTLEY AL	31.57349°N	86.25162°W	-15.51	percent change
SANTA CRUZ C NR SANTA YNEZ CA	34.59666°N	119.90875°W	-15.32	percent change
COM F LOGAN R AB ST D AND LO HP AND SM C N LO UT	41.74438°N	111.78439°W	-14.15	percent change
WHITE R NEAR OACOMA SD	43.74833°N	99.55649°W	-13.54	percent change
Loyalsock Creek at Loyalsockville, PA	41.32508°N	76.91246°W	-13.49	percent change
SILETZ RIVER AT SILETZ, OR	44.71512°N	123.88733°W	-13.46	percent change
NF COEUR D ALENE RIVER AT ENAVILLE ID	47.56889°N	116.25333°W	-13.39	percent change
Nueces Rv at Laguna, TX	29.42857°N	99.99729°W	-13.29	percent change
N F SHENANDOAH RIVER AT COOTES STORE, VA	38.63706°N	78.85280°W	-13.21	percent change
PAINT ROCK RIVER NEAR WOODVILLE AL	34.62425°N	86.30637°W	-12.96	percent change
NORTH FORK BLACK CREEK NR MIDDLEBURG, FLA.	30.11330°N	81.90649°W	-12.03	percent change
MILL BROOK NEAR DUNRAVEN NY	42.10620°N	74.73043°W	-11.83	percent change
WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT	43.71424°N	72.41815°W	-11.35	percent change
Aughwick Creek near Three Springs, PA	40.21258°N	77.92528°W	-10.80	percent change
LITTLE SANDY RIVER NEAR BULL RUN, OREG.	45.41540°N	122.17147°W	-10.61	percent change
ELKHORN CREEK NEAR PENROSE, IL	41.90281°N	89.69622°W	-9.68	percent change
Fishing Creek near Bloomsburg, PA	41.07814°N	76.43106°W	-9.67	percent change
LITTLE NORTH SANTIAM RIVER NEAR MEHAMA, OR	44.79151°N	122.57897°W	-8.79	percent change
MERCED R A HAPPY ISLES BRIDGE NR YOSEMITE CA	37.73159°N	119.55877°W	-8.77	percent change
LOCHSA RIVER NR LOWELL ID	46.15083°N	115.58722°W	-8.74	percent change
BEAR C NR LAKE THOMAS A EDISON CA	37.33939°N	118.97345°W	-8.69	percent change
MURDER CREEK NEAR EVERGREEN AL	31.41850°N	86.98664°W	-7.81	percent change
SMITH RIVER NEAR BRISTOL, NH	43.56646°N	71.74786°W	-7.56	percent change
REDDIES RIVER AT NORTH WILKESBORO, NC	36.17500°N	81.16889°W	-7.40	percent change
Middle Fork Flathead River nr West Glacier MT	48.49524°N	114.01012°W	-6.52	percent change
MANISTIQUE RIVER NEAR MANISTIQUE, MI	46.03053°N	86.16125°W	-6.37	percent change
NORTH RIVER AT SHATTUCKVILLE, MA	42.63842°N	72.72509°W	-5.23	percent change
SOUTH SANTIAM RIVER BELOW CASCADIA, OR	44.39179°N	122.49758°W	-5.18	percent change
TRAPPER CREEK NR OAKLEY ID	42.16583°N	113.98361°W	-4.89	percent change
AMMONOOSUC RIVER AT BETHLEHEM JUNCTION, NH	44.26867°N	71.63036°W	-4.60	percent change
AYERS BROOK AT RANDOLPH, VT	43.93451°N	72.65788°W	-4.52	percent change
CHATTOOGA RIVER NEAR CLAYTON, GA	34.81398°N	83.30599°W	-4.44	percent change
SF PAYETTE RIVER AT LOWMAN ID	44.08528°N	115.62222°W	-4.29	percent change
STEHEKIN RIVER AT STEHEKIN, WA	48.32958°N	120.69177°W	-4.06	percent change
BOISE RIVER NR TWIN SPRINGS ID	43.65944°N	115.72722°W	-3.83	percent change
NEHALEM RIVER NEAR FOSS, OR	45.70400°N	123.75541°W	-3.54	percent change
CRAIG CREEK AT PARR, VA	37.66596°N	79.91144°W	-3.15	percent change
JOHNSON CREEK AT YELLOW PINE ID	44.96167°N	115.50000°W	-2.69	percent change
Lycoming Creek near Trout Run, PA	41.41841°N	77.03275°W	-2.45	percent change
N F HOLSTON RIVER NEAR SALTVILLE, VA	36.89678°N	81.74623°W	-2.13	percent change
FISH C NR KETCHIKAN AK	55.39160°N	131.19558°W	-1.68	percent change
PECOS RIVER NEAR PECOS, NM	35.70837°N	105.68252°W	-1.21	percent change
GALLINAS CREEK NEAR MONTEZUMA, NM	35.65199°N	105.31890°W	-1.19	percent change
Brokenstraw Creek at Youngsville, PA	41.85256°N	79.31727°W	-0.80	percent change
SUWANNEE RIVER AT WHITE SPRINGS, FLA.	30.32578°N	82.73818°W	-0.62	percent change
Whiskey Chitto Creek Near Oberlin, LA	30.69875°N	92.89319°W	-0.17	percent change
NEVERSINK RIVER NEAR CLARYVILLE NY	41.89009°N	74.58988°W	-0.14	percent change
ORESTIMBA C NR NEWMAN CA	37.31549°N	121.12521°W	0.00	percent change
EAST BR DELAWARE R AT MARGARETVILLE NY	42.14481°N	74.65349°W	0.19	percent change
WINTERING RIVER NR KARLSRUHE, ND	48.13834°N	100.53986°W	0.71	percent change
WILLIAMS RIVER AT DYER, WV	38.37900°N	80.48397°W	1.98	percent change
NEW RIVER NEAR GALAX, VA	36.64735°N	80.97897°W	1.99	percent change
SANDY RIVER NEAR MARMOT, OR	45.39956°N	122.13731°W	2.13	percent change
E Fk San Jacinto Rv nr Cleveland, TX	30.33660°N	95.10410°W	2.19	percent change
WELLS RIVER AT WELLS RIVER, VT	44.15034°N	72.06509°W	2.27	percent change
WATAUGA RIVER NEAR SUGAR GROVE, NC	36.23917°N	81.82222°W	2.44	percent change
S F HOLSTON RIVER NEAR DAMASCUS, VA	36.65178°N	81.84401°W	2.78	percent change
RONDOUT CREEK NEAR LOWES CORNERS NY	41.86648°N	74.48710°W	2.82	percent change
BAD R NEAR FORT PIERRE SD	44.32665°N	100.38430°W	3.11	percent change
Diamond River near Wentworth Location, NH	44.87739°N	71.05749°W	3.94	percent change
Halawa Stream near Halawa, Molokai, HI	21.15550°N	156.76197°W	4.29	percent change
DUNLAP CREEK NEAR COVINGTON, VA	37.80290°N	80.04700°W	4.30	percent change
WALKER CREEK AT BANE, VA	37.26818°N	80.70951°W	4.64	percent change
MANISTEE RIVER NEAR SHERMAN, MI	44.43639°N	85.69868°W	4.65	percent change
BUFFALO RIVER NEAR FLAT WOODS, TN	35.49591°N	87.83280°W	5.00	percent change
EAST FORK LEWIS RIVER NEAR HEISSON, WA	45.83678°N	122.46621°W	5.02	percent change
AMERICAN RIVER NEAR NILE, WA	46.97762°N	121.16870°W	5.02	percent change
WEST BRANCH WESTFIELD RIVER AT HUNTINGTON, MA	42.23731°N	72.89565°W	6.30	percent change
NANTAHALA RIVER NEAR RAINBOW SPRINGS, NC	35.12750°N	83.61861°W	6.54	percent change
DONNER UND BLITZEN RIVER NR FRENCHGLEN OR	42.79083°N	118.86750°W	6.56	percent change
JUMP RIVER AT SHELDON, WI	45.30803°N	90.95653°W	6.62	percent change
OYSTER RIVER NEAR DURHAM, NH	43.14870°N	70.96506°W	7.37	percent change
Ohio Brush Creek near West Union OH	38.80368°N	83.42102°W	7.63	percent change
COWPASTURE RIVER NEAR CLIFTON FORGE, VA	37.79180°N	79.75949°W	8.15	percent change
SOUTH FORK NEW RIVER NEAR JEFFERSON, NC	36.39333°N	81.40694°W	8.54	percent change
Turkey River at Garber, IA	42.73999°N	91.26180°W	8.59	percent change
TAR RIVER NEAR TAR RIVER, NC	36.19417°N	78.58306°W	8.81	percent change
Fish River near Fort Kent, Maine	47.23739°N	68.58264°W	9.06	percent change
Bush Kill at Shoemakers, PA	41.08815°N	75.03767°W	9.12	percent change
BLACKWATER R AT DAVIS, WV	39.12705°N	79.46839°W	9.20	percent change
PRIEST BROOK NEAR WINCHENDON, MA	42.68259°N	72.11508°W	9.59	percent change
CHEAT RIVER NEAR PARSONS, WV	39.12288°N	79.68117°W	9.96	percent change
Lavaca Rv nr Edna, TX	28.95998°N	96.68637°W	10.14	percent change
Swift River near Roxbury, Maine	44.64275°N	70.58878°W	10.84	percent change
Eleven Point River near Bardley, MO	36.64868°N	91.20082°W	11.04	percent change
Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine	44.30399°N	70.53968°W	11.16	percent change
SO. BRANCH POTOMAC RIVER NR PETERSBURG, WV	38.99122°N	79.17587°W	11.78	percent change
Carrabassett River near North Anson, Maine	44.86920°N	69.95510°W	12.01	percent change
Hanawi Stream near Nahiku, Maui, HI	20.80686°N	156.11422°W	12.12	percent change
Piscataquis River near Dover-Foxcroft, Maine	45.17501°N	69.31470°W	12.96	percent change
TYE RIVER NEAR LOVINGSTON, VA	37.71542°N	78.98169°W	13.38	percent change
Mattawamkeag River near Mattawamkeag, Maine	45.50098°N	68.30596°W	13.49	percent change
GREENBRIER RIVER AT BUCKEYE, WV	38.18595°N	80.13062°W	14.53	percent change
BIG BUREAU CREEK AT PRINCETON, IL	41.36587°N	89.49843°W	15.51	percent change
Wakatomika Creek near Frazeysburg OH	40.13257°N	82.14792°W	15.56	percent change
Yellowstone River at Corwin Springs MT	45.11188°N	110.79438°W	15.69	percent change
Buffalo River near St. Joe, AR	35.98318°N	92.74755°W	16.52	percent change
HOMOCHITTO RIVER AT EDDICETON, MS	31.50306°N	90.77750°W	17.42	percent change
BOUIE CREEK NR HATTIESBURG, MS	31.42583°N	89.41472°W	17.51	percent change
LEAF RIVER NR COLLINS, MS	31.70694°N	89.40694°W	17.71	percent change
FLAT BROOK NEAR FLATBROOKVILLE NJ	41.10667°N	74.95222°W	17.86	percent change
Sherman Creek at Shermans Dale, PA	40.32342°N	77.16887°W	17.90	percent change
HUBBARD RIVER NR. WEST HARTLAND, CT.	42.03732°N	72.93899°W	18.91	percent change
FRENCH BROAD RIVER AT ROSMAN, NC	35.14333°N	82.82472°W	19.04	percent change
NASELLE RIVER NEAR NASELLE, WA	46.37399°N	123.74348°W	19.07	percent change
STRANGER C NR TONGANOXIE, KS	39.11633°N	95.01088°W	19.58	percent change
DEER CREEK AT ROCKS, MD	39.62997°N	76.40331°W	19.65	percent change
Little Bighorn River at State Line nr Wyola MT	45.00691°N	107.61510°W	19.88	percent change
DUCKABUSH RIVER NEAR BRINNON, WA	47.68398°N	123.01155°W	20.21	percent change
Rapid Creek near Iowa City, IA	41.70002°N	91.48767°W	20.86	percent change
MEHERRIN RIVER NEAR LAWRENCEVILLE, VA	36.71681°N	77.83166°W	21.63	percent change
FALLING RIVER NEAR NARUNA, VA	37.12681°N	78.95974°W	22.46	percent change
THUNDER CREEK NEAR NEWHALEM, WA	48.67263°N	121.07290°W	22.75	percent change
Tiffin River at Stryker OH	41.50450°N	84.42967°W	23.32	percent change
RAPIDAN RIVER NEAR CULPEPER, VA	38.35041°N	77.97500°W	23.87	percent change
CEDAR C NR CEDAR POINT, KS	38.19645°N	96.82458°W	24.56	percent change
CHEHALIS RIVER NEAR DOTY, WA	46.61732°N	123.27764°W	25.79	percent change
Mill Creek near Coshocton OH	40.36285°N	81.86236°W	26.15	percent change
SCHOHARIE CREEK AT PRATTSVILLE NY	42.31953°N	74.43654°W	26.71	percent change
Current River at Doniphan, MO	36.62200°N	90.84762°W	26.92	percent change
NORTH MAYO RIVER NEAR SPENCER, VA	36.56819°N	79.98727°W	27.13	percent change
North River at Palmyra, MO	39.81799°N	91.51770°W	28.81	percent change
NF STILLAGUAMISH RIVER NEAR ARLINGTON, WA	48.26149°N	122.04764°W	28.93	percent change
GOOSE CREEK NEAR LEESBURG, VA	39.01955°N	77.57749°W	29.07	percent change
DUNGENESS RIVER NEAR SEQUIM, WA	48.01426°N	123.13268°W	29.10	percent change
GOOSE CREEK NEAR HUDDLESTON, VA	37.17320°N	79.52031°W	31.98	percent change
Frio Rv at Concan, TX	29.48856°N	99.70478°W	32.42	percent change
SAUK RIVER AB WHITECHUCK RIVER NEAR DARRINGTON, WA	48.16872°N	121.47067°W	32.88	percent change
LA MOINE RIVER AT RIPLEY, IL	40.02477°N	90.63179°W	32.93	percent change
Tickfaw River at Holden, LA	30.50380°N	90.67732°W	34.47	percent change
SANDY RIVER NEAR DANVILLE, VA	36.61958°N	79.50419°W	34.56	percent change
LITTLE RIVER AT GRAYSONTOWN, VA	37.03763°N	80.55672°W	34.60	percent change
MOUNT HOPE RIVER NEAR WARRENVILLE, CT.	41.84371°N	72.16897°W	35.34	percent change
Jacks Fork at Eminence, MO	37.15408°N	91.35816°W	37.23	percent change
SATSOP RIVER NEAR SATSOP, WA	47.00065°N	123.49488°W	37.41	percent change
SAUK RIVER NEAR SAUK, WA	48.42456°N	121.56846°W	40.01	percent change
Mission Rv at Refugio, TX	28.29195°N	97.27916°W	42.42	percent change
NF SKOKOMISH R BL STAIRCASE RPDS NR HOODSPORT, WA	47.51426°N	123.32989°W	43.07	percent change
PERE MARQUETTE RIVER AT SCOTTVILLE, MI	43.94501°N	86.27869°W	44.12	percent change
CEDAR CREEK NEAR WINCHESTER, VA	39.08122°N	78.32945°W	44.81	percent change
UMATILLA RIVER ABOVE MEACHAM CREEK, NR GIBBON, OR	45.71958°N	118.32329°W	45.20	percent change
EB of NF Wailua River nr Lihue, Kauai, HI	22.06877°N	159.41526°W	45.45	percent change
NORTHEAST CAPE FEAR RIVER NEAR CHINQUAPIN, NC	34.82889°N	77.83222°W	46.50	percent change
SOLDIER C NR TOPEKA, KS	39.09938°N	95.72495°W	47.64	percent change
Fox River at Wayland, MO	40.39241°N	91.59788°W	67.42	percent change
GILA RIVER NEAR GILA, NM	33.06118°N	108.53728°W	67.96	percent change
WHETSTONE RIVER NEAR BIG STONE CITY, SD	45.29163°N	96.48756°W	69.10	percent change
EDWARDS RIVER NEAR NEW BOSTON, IL	41.18698°N	90.96737°W	70.59	percent change
NORTH FORK EMBARRAS RIVER NEAR OBLONG, IL	39.01004°N	87.94559°W	84.08	percent change
Honopou Stream near Huelo, Maui, HI	20.88568°N	156.25274°W	94.92	percent change

Figure 6

Figure 3. Annual Average Streamflow in the United States, 1940-2022

Data source: USGS, 2023
Web update: June 2024

Figure data (CSV) EPA source data (CSV)

Figure 7

This map shows percentage changes in the annual average streamflow for rivers and streams across the country, based on the long-term rate of change from 1940 to 2022. This map is based on daily streamflow measurements, averaged over the entire year.

1 Alaska, and 7 Hawaii stations fall outside the map above and are shown here on the same scale, by trend value:

Figure 8

Show the data behind this figure

Station	Latitude	Longitude	Value	Unit
BIG ROCK C NR VALYERMO CA	34.42083°N	117.83951°W	-34.93	percent change
ARROYO SECO NR PASADENA CA	34.22223°N	118.17757°W	-26.30	percent change
West Wailuaiki Stream near Keanae, Maui, HI	20.81769°N	156.14103°W	-25.01	percent change
DEER C NR VINA CA	40.01405°N	121.94832°W	-24.28	percent change
COLE C NR SALT SPRINGS DAM CA	38.51908°N	120.21269°W	-22.22	percent change
SOUTH FORK BLACK CREEK NR PENNEY FARMS, FLA.	29.97941°N	81.85204°W	-21.60	percent change
BEAR C NR LAKE THOMAS A EDISON CA	37.33939°N	118.97345°W	-20.27	percent change
BEAVER RIVER NEAR BEAVER, UT	38.28053°N	112.56827°W	-20.12	percent change
MILL C NR LOS MOLINOS CA	40.05460°N	122.02415°W	-19.94	percent change
RIO HONDO NEAR VALDEZ, NM	36.54169°N	105.55640°W	-19.83	percent change
SALMON R A SOMES BAR CA	41.37763°N	123.47756°W	-19.54	percent change
SUWANNEE RIVER AT WHITE SPRINGS, FLA.	30.32578°N	82.73818°W	-18.93	percent change
Kawaikoi Stream nr Waimea, Kauai, HI	22.13267°N	159.61998°W	-18.88	percent change
CANNONBALL RIVER AT BREIEN, ND	46.37611°N	100.93444°W	-17.89	percent change
SMITH R NR CRESCENT CITY CA	41.79150°N	124.07619°W	-17.61	percent change
Whiskey Chitto Creek Near Oberlin, LA	30.69875°N	92.89319°W	-17.60	percent change
PITMAN C BL TAMARACK C CA	37.19856°N	119.21373°W	-17.29	percent change
CONECUH RIVER AT BRANTLEY AL	31.57349°N	86.25162°W	-17.29	percent change
CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER NEAR NEWTON, AL.	31.34295°N	85.61049°W	-16.86	percent change
MERCED R A HAPPY ISLES BRIDGE NR YOSEMITE CA	37.73159°N	119.55877°W	-16.34	percent change
ST. MARYS RIVER NR MACCLENNY, FLA.	30.35885°N	82.08150°W	-16.06	percent change
SOUTH FORK COQUILLE RIVER AT POWERS, OR	42.89150°N	124.07065°W	-16.03	percent change
Kalihi Str nr Honolulu, Oahu, HI	21.36350°N	157.84420°W	-15.90	percent change
Hanawi Stream near Nahiku, Maui, HI	20.80686°N	156.11422°W	-15.27	percent change
LONG TOM RIVER NEAR NOTI, OREG.	44.04984°N	123.42621°W	-15.00	percent change
ALSEA RIVER NEAR TIDEWATER, OR	44.38595°N	123.83178°W	-14.62	percent change
NORTH FORK BLACK CREEK NR MIDDLEBURG, FLA.	30.11330°N	81.90649°W	-13.86	percent change
MARTIN C NR PARADISE VALLEY, NV	41.53462°N	117.41790°W	-13.73	percent change
SF PAYETTE RIVER AT LOWMAN ID	44.08528°N	115.62222°W	-13.02	percent change
LITTLE NORTH SANTIAM RIVER NEAR MEHAMA, OR	44.79151°N	122.57897°W	-12.89	percent change
NF COEUR D ALENE RIVER AT ENAVILLE ID	47.56889°N	116.25333°W	-12.05	percent change
LOCHSA RIVER NR LOWELL ID	46.15083°N	115.58722°W	-11.82	percent change
ST JOE RIVER AT CALDER ID	47.27464°N	116.18905°W	-11.08	percent change
LITTLE SANDY RIVER NEAR BULL RUN, OREG.	45.41540°N	122.17147°W	-10.78	percent change
BOISE RIVER NR TWIN SPRINGS ID	43.65944°N	115.72722°W	-10.53	percent change
COM F LOGAN R AB ST D AND LO HP AND SM C N LO UT	41.74438°N	111.78439°W	-10.53	percent change
ROW RIVER ABOVE PITCHER CREEK NEAR, DORENA, OREG	43.73596°N	122.87340°W	-10.27	percent change
Halawa Stream near Halawa, Molokai, HI	21.15550°N	156.76197°W	-9.95	percent change
RAYADO CREEK NEAR CIMARRON, NM	36.37226°N	104.97000°W	-9.53	percent change
TAR RIVER NEAR TAR RIVER, NC	36.19417°N	78.58306°W	-9.20	percent change
TRAPPER CREEK NR OAKLEY ID	42.16583°N	113.98361°W	-8.25	percent change
SILETZ RIVER AT SILETZ, OR	44.71512°N	123.88733°W	-7.76	percent change
SANDY RIVER NEAR MARMOT, OR	45.39956°N	122.13731°W	-7.55	percent change
DONNER UND BLITZEN RIVER NR FRENCHGLEN OR	42.79083°N	118.86750°W	-7.49	percent change
JOHNSON CREEK AT YELLOW PINE ID	44.96167°N	115.50000°W	-7.05	percent change
SANTA CRUZ C NR SANTA YNEZ CA	34.59666°N	119.90875°W	-6.95	percent change
SOUTH SANTIAM RIVER BELOW CASCADIA, OR	44.39179°N	122.49758°W	-6.87	percent change
FALLING RIVER NEAR NARUNA, VA	37.12681°N	78.95974°W	-6.85	percent change
MEHERRIN RIVER NEAR LAWRENCEVILLE, VA	36.71681°N	77.83166°W	-6.47	percent change
NEHALEM RIVER NEAR FOSS, OR	45.70400°N	123.75541°W	-6.42	percent change
LITTLE FORK RIVER AT LITTLEFORK, MN	48.39578°N	93.54933°W	-6.33	percent change
COAL CREEK NEAR CEDAR CITY, UT	37.67220°N	113.03467°W	-5.57	percent change
BOUIE CREEK NR HATTIESBURG, MS	31.42583°N	89.41472°W	-4.62	percent change
MURDER CREEK NEAR EVERGREEN AL	31.41850°N	86.98664°W	-4.49	percent change
EAST FORK LEWIS RIVER NEAR HEISSON, WA	45.83678°N	122.46621°W	-4.39	percent change
Middle Fork Flathead River nr West Glacier MT	48.49524°N	114.01012°W	-3.67	percent change
PECOS RIVER NEAR PECOS, NM	35.70837°N	105.68252°W	-3.21	percent change
HOMOCHITTO RIVER AT EDDICETON, MS	31.50306°N	90.77750°W	-2.95	percent change
Little Bighorn River at State Line nr Wyola MT	45.00691°N	107.61510°W	-2.39	percent change
AMERICAN RIVER NEAR NILE, WA	46.97762°N	121.16870°W	-0.16	percent change
ORESTIMBA C NR NEWMAN CA	37.31549°N	121.12521°W	0.00	percent change
Aughwick Creek near Three Springs, PA	40.21258°N	77.92528°W	0.21	percent change
DUNGENESS RIVER NEAR SEQUIM, WA	48.01426°N	123.13268°W	1.31	percent change
Yellowstone River at Corwin Springs MT	45.11188°N	110.79438°W	1.69	percent change
EB of NF Wailua River nr Lihue, Kauai, HI	22.06877°N	159.41526°W	2.14	percent change
SAUK RIVER AB WHITECHUCK RIVER NEAR DARRINGTON, WA	48.16872°N	121.47067°W	2.17	percent change
DUCKABUSH RIVER NEAR BRINNON, WA	47.68398°N	123.01155°W	3.30	percent change
SANDY RIVER NEAR DANVILLE, VA	36.61958°N	79.50419°W	3.95	percent change
BIG SANDY CREEK AT ROCKVILLE, WV	39.61564°N	79.70477°W	4.11	percent change
STEHEKIN RIVER AT STEHEKIN, WA	48.32958°N	120.69177°W	4.68	percent change
Tickfaw River at Holden, LA	30.50380°N	90.67732°W	4.79	percent change
NF STILLAGUAMISH RIVER NEAR ARLINGTON, WA	48.26149°N	122.04764°W	5.27	percent change
NASELLE RIVER NEAR NASELLE, WA	46.37399°N	123.74348°W	5.29	percent change
Kettle Creek at Cross Fork, PA	41.47590°N	77.82583°W	5.33	percent change
Towanda Creek near Monroeton, PA	41.70702°N	76.48467°W	5.49	percent change
CHEHALIS RIVER NEAR DOTY, WA	46.61732°N	123.27764°W	5.75	percent change
FISH C NR KETCHIKAN AK	55.39160°N	131.19558°W	6.22	percent change
Blockhouse Creek near English Center, PA	41.47368°N	77.23081°W	6.45	percent change
SAUK RIVER NEAR SAUK, WA	48.42456°N	121.56846°W	6.58	percent change
REDDIES RIVER AT NORTH WILKESBORO, NC	36.17500°N	81.16889°W	6.62	percent change
Loyalsock Creek at Loyalsockville, PA	41.32508°N	76.91246°W	6.68	percent change
UMATILLA RIVER ABOVE MEACHAM CREEK, NR GIBBON, OR	45.71958°N	118.32329°W	6.87	percent change
Piscataquis River near Dover-Foxcroft, Maine	45.17501°N	69.31470°W	6.88	percent change
Lycoming Creek near Trout Run, PA	41.41841°N	77.03275°W	7.28	percent change
Muncy Creek near Sonestown, PA	41.35702°N	76.53467°W	7.40	percent change
Sherman Creek at Shermans Dale, PA	40.32342°N	77.16887°W	7.49	percent change
MANISTEE RIVER NEAR SHERMAN, MI	44.43639°N	85.69868°W	7.50	percent change
BAD R NEAR FORT PIERRE SD	44.32665°N	100.38430°W	7.52	percent change
Diamond River near Wentworth Location, NH	44.87739°N	71.05749°W	7.98	percent change
Honopou Stream near Huelo, Maui, HI	20.88568°N	156.25274°W	8.67	percent change
NF SKOKOMISH R BL STAIRCASE RPDS NR HOODSPORT, WA	47.51426°N	123.32989°W	8.95	percent change
NORTH MAYO RIVER NEAR SPENCER, VA	36.56819°N	79.98727°W	8.97	percent change
NORTHEAST CAPE FEAR RIVER NEAR CHINQUAPIN, NC	34.82889°N	77.83222°W	9.39	percent change
Fishing Creek near Bloomsburg, PA	41.07814°N	76.43106°W	9.51	percent change
Driftwood Br Sinnemahoning Cr at Sterling Run, PA	41.41340°N	78.19695°W	9.91	percent change
MANISTIQUE RIVER NEAR MANISTIQUE, MI	46.03053°N	86.16125°W	10.31	percent change
Pine Creek at Cedar Run, PA	41.52174°N	77.44748°W	10.67	percent change
WILLIAMS RIVER AT DYER, WV	38.37900°N	80.48397°W	11.14	percent change
PAINT ROCK RIVER NEAR WOODVILLE AL	34.62425°N	86.30637°W	11.51	percent change
GREENBRIER RIVER AT BUCKEYE, WV	38.18595°N	80.13062°W	12.03	percent change
LEAF RIVER NR COLLINS, MS	31.70694°N	89.40694°W	12.07	percent change
THUNDER CREEK NEAR NEWHALEM, WA	48.67263°N	121.07290°W	12.87	percent change
GOOSE CREEK NEAR HUDDLESTON, VA	37.17320°N	79.52031°W	13.32	percent change
SATSOP RIVER NEAR SATSOP, WA	47.00065°N	123.49488°W	13.48	percent change
Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine	44.30399°N	70.53968°W	13.52	percent change
Fish River near Fort Kent, Maine	47.23739°N	68.58264°W	13.85	percent change
NEW RIVER NEAR GALAX, VA	36.64735°N	80.97897°W	14.35	percent change
SMITH RIVER NEAR BRISTOL, NH	43.56646°N	71.74786°W	14.89	percent change
AMMONOOSUC RIVER AT BETHLEHEM JUNCTION, NH	44.26867°N	71.63036°W	14.92	percent change
MILL BROOK NEAR DUNRAVEN NY	42.10620°N	74.73043°W	15.15	percent change
WALKER CREEK AT BANE, VA	37.26818°N	80.70951°W	15.40	percent change
CHEAT RIVER NEAR PARSONS, WV	39.12288°N	79.68117°W	15.55	percent change
SO. BRANCH POTOMAC RIVER NR PETERSBURG, WV	38.99122°N	79.17587°W	15.63	percent change
TREMPER KILL NEAR ANDES NY	42.12009°N	74.81849°W	15.79	percent change
BLACKWATER R AT DAVIS, WV	39.12705°N	79.46839°W	16.46	percent change
LITTLE RIVER AT GRAYSONTOWN, VA	37.03763°N	80.55672°W	16.66	percent change
GALLINAS CREEK NEAR MONTEZUMA, NM	35.65199°N	105.31890°W	17.39	percent change
SOUTH FORK NEW RIVER NEAR JEFFERSON, NC	36.39333°N	81.40694°W	17.57	percent change
Bush Kill at Shoemakers, PA	41.08815°N	75.03767°W	17.79	percent change
E Fk San Jacinto Rv nr Cleveland, TX	30.33660°N	95.10410°W	17.81	percent change
DEER CREEK AT ROCKS, MD	39.62997°N	76.40331°W	17.82	percent change
CHATTOOGA RIVER NEAR CLAYTON, GA	34.81398°N	83.30599°W	18.34	percent change
GOOSE CREEK NEAR LEESBURG, VA	39.01955°N	77.57749°W	18.62	percent change
NANTAHALA RIVER NEAR RAINBOW SPRINGS, NC	35.12750°N	83.61861°W	19.00	percent change
BUFFALO RIVER NEAR FLAT WOODS, TN	35.49591°N	87.83280°W	19.12	percent change
OYSTER RIVER NEAR DURHAM, NH	43.14870°N	70.96506°W	19.13	percent change
BIG EAU PLEINE RIVER AT STRATFORD, WI	44.82191°N	90.07958°W	19.21	percent change
S F HOLSTON RIVER NEAR DAMASCUS, VA	36.65178°N	81.84401°W	19.21	percent change
TYE RIVER NEAR LOVINGSTON, VA	37.71542°N	78.98169°W	19.30	percent change
COWPASTURE RIVER NEAR CLIFTON FORGE, VA	37.79180°N	79.75949°W	19.39	percent change
FRENCH BROAD RIVER AT ROSMAN, NC	35.14333°N	82.82472°W	19.75	percent change
MOUNT HOPE RIVER NEAR WARRENVILLE, CT.	41.84371°N	72.16897°W	19.97	percent change
NEVERSINK RIVER NEAR CLARYVILLE NY	41.89009°N	74.58988°W	20.06	percent change
SOUTH FORK KENTUCKY RIVER AT BOONEVILLE, KY	37.47981°N	83.67519°W	20.20	percent change
Lavaca Rv nr Edna, TX	28.95998°N	96.68637°W	20.82	percent change
N F SHENANDOAH RIVER AT COOTES STORE, VA	38.63706°N	78.85280°W	20.88	percent change
Brokenstraw Creek at Youngsville, PA	41.85256°N	79.31727°W	20.96	percent change
Nueces Rv at Laguna, TX	29.42857°N	99.99729°W	21.12	percent change
DUNLAP CREEK NEAR COVINGTON, VA	37.80290°N	80.04700°W	21.19	percent change
CRAIG CREEK AT PARR, VA	37.66596°N	79.91144°W	21.66	percent change
FLAT BROOK NEAR FLATBROOKVILLE NJ	41.10667°N	74.95222°W	21.92	percent change
N F HOLSTON RIVER NEAR SALTVILLE, VA	36.89678°N	81.74623°W	22.42	percent change
Swift River near Roxbury, Maine	44.64275°N	70.58878°W	22.61	percent change
JUMP RIVER AT SHELDON, WI	45.30803°N	90.95653°W	22.79	percent change
WATAUGA RIVER NEAR SUGAR GROVE, NC	36.23917°N	81.82222°W	24.01	percent change
WEST BRANCH WESTFIELD RIVER AT HUNTINGTON, MA	42.23731°N	72.89565°W	24.26	percent change
WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT	43.71424°N	72.41815°W	24.32	percent change
Wakatomika Creek near Frazeysburg OH	40.13257°N	82.14792°W	24.33	percent change
HUBBARD RIVER NR. WEST HARTLAND, CT.	42.03732°N	72.93899°W	24.54	percent change
EAST BR DELAWARE R AT MARGARETVILLE NY	42.14481°N	74.65349°W	24.78	percent change
Carrabassett River near North Anson, Maine	44.86920°N	69.95510°W	26.10	percent change
CEDAR CREEK NEAR WINCHESTER, VA	39.08122°N	78.32945°W	26.35	percent change
RAPIDAN RIVER NEAR CULPEPER, VA	38.35041°N	77.97500°W	26.66	percent change
Ohio Brush Creek near West Union OH	38.80368°N	83.42102°W	27.06	percent change
Buffalo River near St. Joe, AR	35.98318°N	92.74755°W	27.25	percent change
Mill Creek near Coshocton OH	40.36285°N	81.86236°W	27.52	percent change
GILA RIVER NEAR GILA, NM	33.06118°N	108.53728°W	28.31	percent change
PLATTE RIVER NEAR ROCKVILLE, WI	42.73110°N	90.64041°W	28.31	percent change
WHITE R NEAR OACOMA SD	43.74833°N	99.55649°W	28.62	percent change
Frio Rv at Concan, TX	29.48856°N	99.70478°W	28.74	percent change
CEDAR C NR CEDAR POINT, KS	38.19645°N	96.82458°W	28.74	percent change
Mattawamkeag River near Mattawamkeag, Maine	45.50098°N	68.30596°W	28.83	percent change
SOLDIER C NR TOPEKA, KS	39.09938°N	95.72495°W	28.93	percent change
WELLS RIVER AT WELLS RIVER, VT	44.15034°N	72.06509°W	29.53	percent change
SCHOHARIE CREEK AT PRATTSVILLE NY	42.31953°N	74.43654°W	30.27	percent change
STRANGER C NR TONGANOXIE, KS	39.11633°N	95.01088°W	30.44	percent change
NORTH RIVER AT SHATTUCKVILLE, MA	42.63842°N	72.72509°W	31.14	percent change
RONDOUT CREEK NEAR LOWES CORNERS NY	41.86648°N	74.48710°W	32.20	percent change
Mission Rv at Refugio, TX	28.29195°N	97.27916°W	32.35	percent change
PRIEST BROOK NEAR WINCHENDON, MA	42.68259°N	72.11508°W	32.97	percent change
AYERS BROOK AT RANDOLPH, VT	43.93451°N	72.65788°W	39.92	percent change
PERE MARQUETTE RIVER AT SCOTTVILLE, MI	43.94501°N	86.27869°W	40.08	percent change
Current River at Doniphan, MO	36.62200°N	90.84762°W	40.37	percent change
North River at Palmyra, MO	39.81799°N	91.51770°W	42.51	percent change
LA MOINE RIVER AT RIPLEY, IL	40.02477°N	90.63179°W	44.52	percent change
GRANT RIVER AT BURTON, WI	42.72027°N	90.81929°W	46.27	percent change
KICKAPOO RIVER AT LA FARGE, WI	43.57414°N	90.64319°W	47.47	percent change
WINTERING RIVER NR KARLSRUHE, ND	48.13834°N	100.53986°W	48.77	percent change
Eleven Point River near Bardley, MO	36.64868°N	91.20082°W	49.47	percent change
Tiffin River at Stryker OH	41.50450°N	84.42967°W	50.73	percent change
Jacks Fork at Eminence, MO	37.15408°N	91.35816°W	60.61	percent change
NORTH FORK EMBARRAS RIVER NEAR OBLONG, IL	39.01004°N	87.94559°W	69.80	percent change
BIG BUREAU CREEK AT PRINCETON, IL	41.36587°N	89.49843°W	73.42	percent change
Fox River at Wayland, MO	40.39241°N	91.59788°W	73.61	percent change
ELKHORN CREEK NEAR PENROSE, IL	41.90281°N	89.69622°W	87.31	percent change
Rapid Creek near Iowa City, IA	41.70002°N	91.48767°W	89.40	percent change
EDWARDS RIVER NEAR NEW BOSTON, IL	41.18698°N	90.96737°W	94.21	percent change
Turkey River at Garber, IA	42.73999°N	91.26180°W	105.29	percent change
WHETSTONE RIVER NEAR BIG STONE CITY, SD	45.29163°N	96.48756°W	167.61	percent change

Figure 9

Figure 4. Timing of Winter-Spring Runoff in the United States, 1940-2022

Data source: USGS, 2023
Web update: June 2024

Figure data (CSV) EPA source data (CSV)

Figure 10

This map shows changes in the timing of annual high winter-spring flow carried by rivers and streams from 1940 to 2022. This analysis focuses on parts of the country where streamflow is strongly influenced by snowmelt. Trends are based on the winter-spring center of volume, which is the date when half of the total January 1–July 31 streamflow (in the West) or half of the total January 1–May 31 streamflow (in the East) has passed by each streamflow gauge, reflecting the timing of spring snowmelt.

Show the data behind this figure

Station	Latitude	Longitude	Value	Unit
NF SKOKOMISH R BL STAIRCASE RPDS NR HOODSPORT, WA	47.51426°N	123.32989°W	-22.11	days
COLE C NR SALT SPRINGS DAM CA	38.51908°N	120.21269°W	-18.21	days
PITMAN C BL TAMARACK C CA	37.19856°N	119.21373°W	-17.56	days
DUCKABUSH RIVER NEAR BRINNON, WA	47.68398°N	123.01155°W	-16.39	days
NF STILLAGUAMISH RIVER NEAR ARLINGTON, WA	48.26149°N	122.04764°W	-16.16	days
MERCED R A HAPPY ISLES BRIDGE NR YOSEMITE CA	37.73159°N	119.55877°W	-14.46	days
BEAR C NR LAKE THOMAS A EDISON CA	37.33939°N	118.97345°W	-13.66	days
DUNGENESS RIVER NEAR SEQUIM, WA	48.01426°N	123.13268°W	-13.41	days
AMERICAN RIVER NEAR NILE, WA	46.97762°N	121.16870°W	-11.92	days
SANDY RIVER NEAR MARMOT, OR	45.39956°N	122.13731°W	-11.92	days
SAUK RIVER AB WHITECHUCK RIVER NEAR DARRINGTON, WA	48.16872°N	121.47067°W	-11.71	days
Piscataquis River near Dover-Foxcroft, Maine	45.17501°N	69.31470°W	-11.71	days
SAUK RIVER NEAR SAUK, WA	48.42456°N	121.56846°W	-11.71	days
Mattawamkeag River near Mattawamkeag, Maine	45.50098°N	68.30596°W	-11.17	days
Diamond River near Wentworth Location, NH	44.87739°N	71.05749°W	-11.17	days
PRIEST BROOK NEAR WINCHENDON, MA	42.68259°N	72.11508°W	-10.69	days
Fish River near Fort Kent, Maine	47.23739°N	68.58264°W	-10.24	days
Swift River near Roxbury, Maine	44.64275°N	70.58878°W	-10.03	days
AMMONOOSUC RIVER AT BETHLEHEM JUNCTION, NH	44.26867°N	71.63036°W	-9.93	days
Carrabassett River near North Anson, Maine	44.86920°N	69.95510°W	-9.83	days
SF PAYETTE RIVER AT LOWMAN ID	44.08528°N	115.62222°W	-9.48	days
UMATILLA RIVER ABOVE MEACHAM CREEK, NR GIBBON, OR	45.71958°N	118.32329°W	-9.46	days
NEVERSINK RIVER NEAR CLARYVILLE NY	41.89009°N	74.58988°W	-9.34	days
BOISE RIVER NR TWIN SPRINGS ID	43.65944°N	115.72722°W	-9.11	days
NORTH RIVER AT SHATTUCKVILLE, MA	42.63842°N	72.72509°W	-9.11	days
Yellowstone River at Corwin Springs MT	45.11188°N	110.79438°W	-9.10	days
NF COEUR D ALENE RIVER AT ENAVILLE ID	47.56889°N	116.25333°W	-9.10	days
HUBBARD RIVER NR. WEST HARTLAND, CT.	42.03732°N	72.93899°W	-9.10	days
RONDOUT CREEK NEAR LOWES CORNERS NY	41.86648°N	74.48710°W	-9.10	days
WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT	43.71424°N	72.41815°W	-8.69	days
JOHNSON CREEK AT YELLOW PINE ID	44.96167°N	115.50000°W	-8.20	days
WEST BRANCH WESTFIELD RIVER AT HUNTINGTON, MA	42.23731°N	72.89565°W	-8.19	days
Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine	44.30399°N	70.53968°W	-8.06	days
WELLS RIVER AT WELLS RIVER, VT	44.15034°N	72.06509°W	-7.80	days
SMITH RIVER NEAR BRISTOL, NH	43.56646°N	71.74786°W	-7.68	days
MILL BROOK NEAR DUNRAVEN NY	42.10620°N	74.73043°W	-7.13	days
MANISTIQUE RIVER NEAR MANISTIQUE, MI	46.03053°N	86.16125°W	-7.06	days
AYERS BROOK AT RANDOLPH, VT	43.93451°N	72.65788°W	-6.56	days
MARTIN C NR PARADISE VALLEY, NV	41.53462°N	117.41790°W	-6.55	days
TRAPPER CREEK NR OAKLEY ID	42.16583°N	113.98361°W	-6.30	days
COAL CREEK NEAR CEDAR CITY, UT	37.67220°N	113.03467°W	-6.12	days
SCHOHARIE CREEK AT PRATTSVILLE NY	42.31953°N	74.43654°W	-5.02	days
DEER C NR VINA CA	40.01405°N	121.94832°W	-4.64	days
THUNDER CREEK NEAR NEWHALEM, WA	48.67263°N	121.07290°W	-4.55	days
PECOS RIVER NEAR PECOS, NM	35.70837°N	105.68252°W	-4.31	days
LOCHSA RIVER NR LOWELL ID	46.15083°N	115.58722°W	-4.24	days
OYSTER RIVER NEAR DURHAM, NH	43.14870°N	70.96506°W	-4.15	days
EAST BR DELAWARE R AT MARGARETVILLE NY	42.14481°N	74.65349°W	-4.03	days
ST JOE RIVER AT CALDER ID	47.27464°N	116.18905°W	-3.90	days
Little Bighorn River at State Line nr Wyola MT	45.00691°N	107.61510°W	-3.41	days
BEAVER RIVER NEAR BEAVER, UT	38.28053°N	112.56827°W	-3.41	days
STEHEKIN RIVER AT STEHEKIN, WA	48.32958°N	120.69177°W	-3.28	days
COM F LOGAN R AB ST D AND LO HP AND SM C N LO UT	41.74438°N	111.78439°W	-1.91	days
DONNER UND BLITZEN RIVER NR FRENCHGLEN OR	42.79083°N	118.86750°W	-1.17	days
RIO HONDO NEAR VALDEZ, NM	36.54169°N	105.55640°W	0.00	days
Middle Fork Flathead River nr West Glacier MT	48.49524°N	114.01012°W	0.00	days

Figure 11

Figure 5. Number of Days with Very Low Streamflow, 1940-2022

Data source: USGS, 2023
Web update: June 2024

Figure data (CSV) EPA source data (CSV)

Figure 12

This map shows changes in the number of days with very low streamflow for rivers and streams across the country, from 1940 to 2022. This map is based on the number of daily flow values below the 2-percentile flow (Q2) threshold. Positive trends (upward brown triangles) indicate an increase in the number of days per year at or below the Q2 threshold (drier conditions); negative trends (downward blue triangles) indicate a trend toward fewer very low flow days (wetter conditions).

1 Alaska, and 7 Hawaii stations fall outside the map above and are shown here on the same scale, by trend value:

Figure 13

Show the data behind this figure

Station	Latitude	Longitude	Value	Unit
BAD RIVER NEAR FORT PIERRE,SD	44.32665°N	100.38430°W	-113.00	days
CEDAR C NR CEDAR POINT, KS	38.19653°N	96.82434°W	-56.70	days
SOLDIER C NR TOPEKA, KS	39.09944°N	95.72498°W	-48.90	days
Rapid Creek near Iowa City, IA	41.70002°N	91.48767°W	-45.60	days
KICKAPOO RIVER AT LA FARGE, WI	43.57414°N	90.64319°W	-34.90	days
PLATTE RIVER NEAR ROCKVILLE, WI	42.73111°N	90.64028°W	-32.90	days
BIG BUREAU CREEK AT PRINCETON, IL	41.36740°N	89.49796°W	-31.50	days
BIG EAU PLEINE RIVER AT STRATFORD, WI	44.82191°N	90.07958°W	-30.30	days
Jacks Fork at Eminence, MO	37.15408°N	91.35817°W	-29.40	days
Mill Creek near Coshocton OH	40.36285°N	81.86236°W	-29.20	days
Turkey River at Garber, IA	42.73999°N	91.26180°W	-29.20	days
GRANT RIVER AT BURTON, WI	42.72028°N	90.81917°W	-27.30	days
ELKHORN CREEK NEAR PENROSE, IL	41.90275°N	89.69639°W	-25.70	days
Fox River at Wayland, MO	40.39242°N	91.59789°W	-23.90	days
WHETSTONE RIVER NEAR BIG STONE CITY, SD	45.29163°N	96.48756°W	-23.00	days
STRANGER C NR TONGANOXIE, KS	39.11639°N	95.01080°W	-22.90	days
NORTH RIVER AT SHATTUCKVILLE, MA	42.63842°N	72.72509°W	-22.80	days
BUFFALO RIVER NEAR FLAT WOODS, TN	35.49591°N	87.83280°W	-22.40	days
North River at Palmyra, MO	39.81700°N	91.54603°W	-20.80	days
CANNONBALL RIVER AT BREIEN, ND	46.37611°N	100.93444°W	-19.50	days
Eleven Point River near Bardley, MO	36.64869°N	91.20083°W	-19.40	days
Frio Rv at Concan, TX	29.48856°N	99.70478°W	-19.20	days
Driftwood Br Sinnemahoning Cr at Sterling Run, PA	41.41340°N	78.19695°W	-18.90	days
PERE MARQUETTE RIVER AT SCOTTVILLE, MI	43.94501°N	86.27869°W	-18.80	days
Brokenstraw Creek at Youngsville, PA	41.85256°N	79.31727°W	-17.70	days
WINTERING RIVER NR KARLSRUHE, ND	48.13834°N	100.53986°W	-17.30	days
PECOS RIVER NEAR PECOS, NM	35.70835°N	105.68270°W	-17.30	days
Nueces Rv at Laguna, TX	29.42857°N	99.99729°W	-16.80	days
Current River at Doniphan, MO	36.62150°N	90.84639°W	-16.70	days
BIG SANDY CREEK AT ROCKVILLE, WV	39.62175°N	79.70456°W	-16.40	days
EDWARDS RIVER NEAR NEW BOSTON, IL	41.18698°N	90.96737°W	-16.00	days
RONDOUT CREEK NEAR LOWES CORNERS NY	41.86639°N	74.48722°W	-15.50	days
AMMONOOSUC RIVER AT BETHLEHEM JUNCTION, NH	44.26867°N	71.63036°W	-15.00	days
BLACKWATER RIVER AT DAVIS, WV	39.12705°N	79.46839°W	-15.00	days
FISH C NR KETCHIKAN AK	55.39160°N	131.19558°W	-14.40	days
EAST BRANCH DELAWARE RIVER AT MARGARETVILLE NY	42.14472°N	74.65361°W	-14.10	days
SCHOHARIE CREEK AT PRATTSVILLE NY	42.31944°N	74.43667°W	-13.60	days
THUNDER CREEK NEAR NEWHALEM, WA	48.67263°N	121.07290°W	-12.60	days
Pine Creek at Cedar Run, PA	41.52174°N	77.44748°W	-12.30	days
MILL BROOK NEAR DUNRAVEN NY	42.10611°N	74.73056°W	-11.60	days
GREENBRIER RIVER AT BUCKEYE, WV	38.18622°N	80.13000°W	-11.10	days
WILLIAMS RIVER AT DYER, WV	38.37900°N	80.48397°W	-11.10	days
S F HOLSTON RIVER NEAR DAMASCUS, VA	36.65178°N	81.84401°W	-11.00	days
Fishing Creek near Bloomsburg, PA	41.07814°N	76.43133°W	-10.90	days
NEVERSINK RIVER NEAR CLARYVILLE NY	41.88994°N	74.58981°W	-9.90	days
NORTH FORK EMBARRAS RIVER NEAR OBLONG, IL	39.01028°N	87.94556°W	-9.79	days
WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT	43.71424°N	72.41815°W	-9.71	days
PRIEST BROOK NEAR WINCHENDON, MA	42.68259°N	72.11508°W	-9.53	days
Sherman Creek at Shermans Dale, PA	40.32342°N	77.16887°W	-9.44	days
Loyalsock Creek at Loyalsockville, PA	41.32508°N	76.91246°W	-9.43	days
AYERS BROOK AT RANDOLPH, VT	43.93451°N	72.65788°W	-9.27	days
CHEAT RIVER NEAR PARSONS, WV	39.12156°N	79.67553°W	-8.98	days
GALLINAS CREEK NEAR MONTEZUMA, NM	35.65199°N	105.31883°W	-8.89	days
Lycoming Creek near Trout Run, PA	41.41813°N	77.03302°W	-8.84	days
Tiffin River at Stryker OH	41.50450°N	84.42967°W	-8.78	days
Wakatomika Creek near Frazeysburg OH	40.11972°N	82.13639°W	-8.75	days
TREMPER KILL NEAR ANDES NY	42.12000°N	74.81861°W	-8.73	days
COWPASTURE RIVER NEAR CLIFTON FORGE, VA	37.79180°N	79.75949°W	-8.51	days
WATAUGA RIVER NEAR SUGAR GROVE, NC	36.23917°N	81.82222°W	-8.39	days
Bush Kill at Shoemakers, PA	41.08815°N	75.03767°W	-8.31	days
WELLS RIVER AT WELLS RIVER, VT	44.15034°N	72.06509°W	-8.23	days
N F HOLSTON RIVER NEAR SALTVILLE, VA	36.89678°N	81.74623°W	-8.16	days
MARTIN CK NR PARADISE VALLEY, NV	41.53462°N	117.41790°W	-8.14	days
Aughwick Creek near Three Springs, PA	40.21258°N	77.92528°W	-7.98	days
M F Flathead River near West Glacier MT	48.49552°N	114.01021°W	-7.86	days
WHITE RIVER NEAR OACOMA,SD	43.74833°N	99.55649°W	-7.39	days
Towanda Creek near Monroeton, PA	41.70758°N	76.48494°W	-7.32	days
JUMP RIVER AT SHELDON, WI	45.30803°N	90.95652°W	-7.30	days
SOUTH FORK KENTUCKY RIVER AT BOONEVILLE, KY	37.47981°N	83.67519°W	-7.27	days
Muncy Creek near Sonestown, PA	41.35702°N	76.53467°W	-7.06	days
Ohio Brush Creek near West Union OH	38.80368°N	83.42102°W	-6.97	days
Diamond River near Wentworth Location, NH	44.87750°N	71.05750°W	-6.57	days
BEAVER RIVER NEAR BEAVER, UT	38.27980°N	112.56829°W	-6.38	days
RAYADO CREEK NEAR CIMARRON, NM	36.37234°N	104.96929°W	-5.85	days
LA MOINE RIVER AT RIPLEY, IL	40.02508°N	90.63106°W	-5.78	days
Swift River near Roxbury, Maine	44.64278°N	70.58889°W	-5.76	days
SOUTH BRANCH POTOMAC RIVER NEAR PETERSBURG, WV	38.99122°N	79.17587°W	-5.55	days
MANISTIQUE RIVER NEAR MANISTIQUE, MI	46.03053°N	86.16125°W	-5.55	days
N F SHENANDOAH RIVER AT COOTES STORE, VA	38.63706°N	78.85280°W	-4.86	days
Fish River near Fort Kent, Maine	47.23750°N	68.58278°W	-4.41	days
CEDAR CREEK NEAR WINCHESTER, VA	39.08122°N	78.32945°W	-4.24	days
Blockhouse Creek near English Center, PA	41.47368°N	77.23081°W	-4.11	days
WEST BRANCH WESTFIELD RIVER AT HUNTINGTON, MA	42.23731°N	72.89565°W	-4.04	days
STEHEKIN RIVER AT STEHEKIN, WA	48.32958°N	120.69177°W	-3.91	days
HOMOCHITTO RIVER AT EDDICETON, MS	31.50306°N	90.77750°W	-3.83	days
PAINT ROCK RIVER NEAR WOODVILLE AL	34.62425°N	86.30637°W	-3.48	days
LITTLE FORK RIVER AT LITTLEFORK, MN	48.39578°N	93.54933°W	-3.41	days
NORTHEAST CAPE FEAR RIVER NEAR CHINQUAPIN, NC	34.82889°N	77.83222°W	-3.35	days
Buffalo River near St. Joe, AR	35.98306°N	92.74722°W	-3.13	days
COAL CREEK NEAR CEDAR CITY, UT	37.67220°N	113.03467°W	-3.06	days
DONNER UND BLITZEN RIVER NR FRENCHGLEN OR	42.79083°N	118.86750°W	-2.98	days
Kettle Creek at Cross Fork, PA	41.47590°N	77.82583°W	-2.61	days
CRAIG CREEK AT PARR, VA	37.66596°N	79.91144°W	-2.52	days
Flat Brook near Flatbrookville NJ	41.10611°N	74.95250°W	-2.45	days
Halawa Stream near Halawa, Molokai, HI	21.15550°N	156.76197°W	-2.45	days
Kalihi Str nr Honolulu, Oahu, HI	21.36336°N	157.84444°W	-2.41	days
Carrabassett River near North Anson, Maine	44.86917°N	69.95500°W	-2.39	days
NEW RIVER NEAR GALAX, VA	36.64735°N	80.97897°W	-2.33	days
SOUTH FORK NEW RIVER NEAR JEFFERSON, NC	36.39333°N	81.40694°W	-1.89	days
AMERICAN RIVER NEAR NILE, WA	46.97762°N	121.16870°W	-1.52	days
DEER CREEK AT ROCKS, MD	39.62997°N	76.40331°W	-1.41	days
RAPIDAN RIVER NEAR CULPEPER, VA	38.35041°N	77.97500°W	-1.23	days
SMITH RIVER NEAR BRISTOL, NH	43.56646°N	71.74786°W	-1.22	days
Kawaikoi Stream nr Waimea, Kauai, HI	22.13281°N	159.61994°W	-0.31	days
ARROYO SECO NR PASADENA CA	34.22223°N	118.17757°W	0.09	days
E Fk San Jacinto Rv nr Cleveland, TX	30.33660°N	95.10410°W	0.15	days
LITTLE RIVER AT GRAYSONTOWN, VA	37.03763°N	80.55672°W	0.62	days
Yellowstone River at Corwin Springs MT	45.11212°N	110.79367°W	0.77	days
LOCHSA RIVER NR LOWELL ID	46.15083°N	115.58722°W	0.81	days
EB of NF Wailua River nr Lihue, Kauai, HI	22.06878°N	159.41517°W	1.04	days
Little Bighorn River at State Line nr Wyola MT	45.00711°N	107.61541°W	1.13	days
MERCED R A HAPPY ISLES BRIDGE NR YOSEMITE CA	37.73131°N	119.55905°W	1.53	days
MANISTEE RIVER NEAR SHERMAN, MI	44.43639°N	85.69868°W	1.71	days
DUNLAP CREEK NEAR COVINGTON, VA	37.80290°N	80.04700°W	2.08	days
GOOSE CREEK NEAR LEESBURG, VA	39.01955°N	77.57749°W	2.13	days
WALKER CREEK AT BANE, VA	37.26818°N	80.70951°W	2.15	days
LITTLE NORTH SANTIAM RIVER NEAR MEHAMA, OR	44.79151°N	122.57897°W	2.45	days
BEAR C NR LAKE THOMAS A EDISON CA	37.33939°N	118.97345°W	2.54	days
BOISE RIVER NR TWIN SPRINGS ID	43.66806°N	115.72528°W	3.19	days
TYE RIVER NEAR LOVINGSTON, VA	37.71542°N	78.98169°W	3.23	days
UMATILLA RIVER ABOVE MEACHAM CREEK, NR GIBBON, OR	45.71958°N	118.32329°W	3.77	days
HUBBARD RIVER NEAR WEST HARTLAND, CT	42.03750°N	72.93933°W	4.47	days
LONG TOM RIVER NEAR NOTI, OR	44.04984°N	123.42621°W	4.51	days
JOHNSON CREEK AT YELLOW PINE ID	44.96167°N	115.50000°W	4.59	days
FRENCH BROAD RIVER AT ROSMAN, NC	35.14333°N	82.82472°W	4.79	days
Lavaca Rv nr Edna, TX	28.95998°N	96.68637°W	4.94	days
ST JOE RIVER AT CALDER, ID	47.27444°N	116.18889°W	5.01	days
NORTH MAYO RIVER NEAR SPENCER, VA	36.56819°N	79.98727°W	5.41	days
Honopou Stream near Huelo, Maui, HI	20.88564°N	156.25256°W	5.55	days
LEAF RIVER NR COLLINS, MS	31.70694°N	89.40694°W	5.76	days
MEHERRIN RIVER NEAR LAWRENCEVILLE, VA	36.71681°N	77.83166°W	5.96	days
Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine	44.30389°N	70.53972°W	6.15	days
NORTH FORK BLACK CREEK NEAR MIDDLEBURG, FL	30.11330°N	81.90649°W	6.23	days
ALSEA RIVER NEAR TIDEWATER, OR	44.38595°N	123.83178°W	6.28	days
PITMAN C BL TAMARACK C CA	37.19856°N	119.21373°W	6.38	days
NF COEUR D ALENE RIVER AT ENAVILLE ID	47.57220°N	116.25280°W	6.49	days
NEHALEM RIVER NEAR FOSS, OR	45.70400°N	123.75540°W	6.57	days
MOUNT HOPE RIVER NEAR WARRENVILLE, CT	41.84371°N	72.16897°W	7.00	days
SMITH R NR CRESCENT CITY CA	41.79150°N	124.07619°W	7.07	days
SANDY RIVER NEAR DANVILLE, VA	36.61958°N	79.50419°W	7.19	days
ROW RIVER ABOVE PITCHER CREEK, NEAR DORENA, OR	43.73596°N	122.87340°W	7.49	days
EAST FORK LEWIS RIVER NEAR HEISSON, WA	45.83678°N	122.46621°W	7.51	days
SAUK RIVER NEAR SAUK, WA	48.42456°N	121.56846°W	7.53	days
Mattawamkeag River near Mattawamkeag, Maine	45.50111°N	68.30583°W	7.61	days
SOUTH FORK PAYETTE RIVER AT LOWMAN, ID	44.08528°N	115.62222°W	7.64	days
SATSOP RIVER NEAR SATSOP, WA	47.00065°N	123.49488°W	7.81	days
OYSTER RIVER NEAR DURHAM, NH	43.14870°N	70.96506°W	7.88	days
TRAPPER CREEK NR OAKLEY ID	42.16583°N	113.98361°W	8.19	days
LITTLE SANDY RIVER NEAR BULL RUN, OR	45.41540°N	122.17147°W	8.51	days
FALLING RIVER NEAR NARUNA, VA	37.12681°N	78.95974°W	8.66	days
TAR RIVER NEAR TAR RIVER, NC	36.19417°N	78.58306°W	9.60	days
NANTAHALA RIVER NEAR RAINBOW SPRINGS, NC	35.12750°N	83.61861°W	9.64	days
DUNGENESS RIVER NEAR SEQUIM, WA	48.01426°N	123.13268°W	9.71	days
DUCKABUSH RIVER NEAR BRINNON, WA	47.68398°N	123.01155°W	9.83	days
SANDY RIVER NEAR MARMOT, OR	45.39956°N	122.13731°W	10.00	days
MURDER CREEK NEAR EVERGREEN AL	31.41850°N	86.98664°W	10.20	days
SOUTH FORK COQUILLE RIVER AT POWERS, OR	42.89150°N	124.07065°W	11.00	days
Hanawi Stream near Nahiku, Maui, HI	20.80686°N	156.11422°W	11.00	days
SUWANNEE RIVER AT WHITE SPRINGS, FLA.	30.32578°N	82.73818°W	11.20	days
GILA RIVER NEAR GILA, NM	33.06150°N	108.53739°W	11.40	days
CHATTOOGA RIVER NEAR CLAYTON, GA	34.81378°N	83.30636°W	11.70	days
REDDIES RIVER AT NORTH WILKESBORO, NC	36.17500°N	81.16889°W	12.00	days
ST. MARYS RIVER NEAR MACCLENNY, FL	30.35885°N	82.08150°W	12.00	days
SALMON R A SOMES BAR CA	41.37652°N	123.47700°W	12.30	days
NF STILLAGUAMISH RIVER NEAR ARLINGTON, WA	48.26149°N	122.04764°W	12.40	days
COM F LOGAN R AB ST D AND CACHE HL CAN NR LOGAN UT	41.74438°N	111.78439°W	12.80	days
SAUK RIVER AB WHITE CHUCK RIVER NR DARRINGTON, WA	48.16872°N	121.47067°W	12.80	days
CHEHALIS RIVER NEAR DOTY, WA	46.61732°N	123.27764°W	13.40	days
Piscataquis River near Dover-Foxcroft, Maine	45.17500°N	69.31472°W	13.60	days
Tickfaw River at Holden, LA	30.50380°N	90.67732°W	14.10	days
NF SKOKOMISH R BL STAIRCASE RPDS NR HOODSPORT, WA	47.51426°N	123.32989°W	14.40	days
West Wailuaiki Stream near Keanae, Maui, HI	20.81436°N	156.14297°W	14.80	days
SILETZ RIVER AT SILETZ, OR	44.71512°N	123.88733°W	15.50	days
BOUIE CREEK NR HATTIESBURG, MS	31.42583°N	89.41472°W	15.60	days
NASELLE RIVER NEAR NASELLE, WA	46.37399°N	123.74348°W	16.10	days
BIG ROCK C NR VALYERMO CA	34.42083°N	117.83951°W	17.10	days
ORESTIMBA C NR NEWMAN CA	37.31549°N	121.12521°W	17.30	days
RIO HONDO NEAR VALDEZ, NM	36.54180°N	105.55652°W	18.80	days
GOOSE CREEK NEAR HUDDLESTON, VA	37.17320°N	79.52031°W	19.40	days
MILL C NR LOS MOLINOS CA	40.05460°N	122.02415°W	20.20	days
CHOCTAWHATCHEE RIVER NEAR NEWTON, AL.	31.34295°N	85.61049°W	20.40	days
CONECUH RIVER AT BRANTLEY AL	31.57349°N	86.25162°W	22.50	days
Ouiska Chitto Creek Near Oberlin, LA	30.69875°N	92.89319°W	23.10	days
SOUTH SANTIAM RIVER BELOW CASCADIA, OR	44.39179°N	122.49758°W	23.60	days
COLE C NR SALT SPRINGS DAM CA	38.51908°N	120.21269°W	24.50	days
DEER C NR VINA CA	40.01405°N	121.94832°W	28.90	days
SOUTH FORK BLACK CREEK NEAR PENNEY FARMS, FL	29.97941°N	81.85204°W	31.30	days
Mission Rv at Refugio, TX	28.29195°N	97.27916°W	47.50	days
SANTA CRUZ C NR SANTA YNEZ CA	34.59666°N	119.90875°W	85.50	days

Figure 14

Key Points

During the past 83 years, seven-day low flows have generally increased in the Northeast and Midwest (in other words, on the days of lowest flows, streams in these areas are carrying more water than before). Low flows have generally decreased in parts of the Southeast and the Pacific Northwest (that is, streams are carrying less water than before). Overall, more sites have experienced increases than decreases (see Figure 1).
Three-day high-flow trends vary from region to region across the country. For example, high flows have generally increased or changed little in parts of the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest since 1940, whereas high flows have increased in some West Coast streams and decreased in others. Overall, more sites have experienced increases than decreases (see Figure 2).
Annual average streamflow has increased at many sites in the Northeast and Midwest, while other regions have seen few substantial changes. Overall, sites show more increases than decreases (see Figure 3).
In parts of the country with substantial snowmelt, winter-spring runoff is happening at least five days earlier than in the mid-20^th century at most gauges. The largest changes have occurred in the Pacific Northwest and Northeast (see Figure 4).
The number of days that met the Q2 threshold, a measure of dryness, decreased at many streams in the Northeast and Midwest, meaning the number of days with very low streamflow decreased through time. Dryness increased at many streams in the Southeast, the Northwest, and California (see Figure 5). These results generally align with the geographic patterns in seven-day low flows (Figure 1).

Background

Streamflow is a measure of the rate at which water is carried by rivers and streams, and it represents a critical resource for people and the environment. Changes in streamflow can directly influence the supply of drinking water and the amount of water available for irrigating crops, generating electricity, and other needs. In addition, many plants and animals depend on streamflow for habitat and survival.

Streamflow naturally varies over the course of a year. For example, rivers and streams in many parts of the country have their highest flow when snow melts in the spring and their lowest flow in late summer. The amount of streamflow is important because very high flows can cause erosion and damaging floods, while very low flows can diminish water quality, harm fish, reduce the amount of water available for people to use, and disrupt economic activities like river shipping. The timing of high flow is important because it affects the ability of reservoir managers to store water to meet needs later in the year. In addition, some plants and animals (such as fish that migrate) depend on a particular pattern of streamflow as part of their life cycles.

Climate change can affect streamflow in several ways. Changes in the amount of spring snowpack (see the Snowpack indicator) and air temperatures that influence melting can alter the size and timing of high spring streamflows. More precipitation is expected to cause higher average streamflow in some places, while heavier storms (see the Heavy Precipitation indicator) could lead to larger peak flows. More frequent or severe droughts, however, could reduce streamflow in certain areas.

About the Indicator

The U.S. Geological Survey measures streamflow in rivers and streams across the United States using continuous monitoring devices called stream gauges. This indicator is based on data from 189 stream gauges located in areas where trends are not substantially influenced by dams, reservoir management, wastewater treatment facilities, or land-use change. The indicator also excludes stream gauges with watershed areas that overlap substantially.

This indicator examines five important measures of streamflow conditions that occur during the course of a year. Figure 1 shows trends in the lowest flows each year, which are commonly calculated by averaging the lowest seven consecutive days of streamflow. Figure 2 shows trends in high flow conditions, which are commonly calculated by averaging the highest three consecutive days of streamflow in a year. Three days is an optimal length of time to characterize runoff associated with large storms and peak snowmelt. Figure 3 shows changes in the annual average streamflow, which is calculated by averaging daily flows through the entire year.

Figure 4 shows trends in the timing of winter and spring runoff. This measure is limited to 56 stream gauges in areas where at least 30 percent of annual precipitation falls as snow. Scientists look at the total volume of water that passes by a gauge between January 1 and July 31 for the western United States, and January 1 and May 31 for the eastern United States, then determine the date when exactly half of that water has gone by. This date is called the winter-spring center-of-volume date. A long-term trend toward an earlier date could be caused by earlier spring snowmelt, more precipitation falling as rain instead of snow, or other changes in precipitation patterns.

Figure 5 shows trends in the number of days each year with very low flow, which indicates whether streams are becoming drier or wetter during the period. The figure shows the annual number of days that daily average streamflow is equal to or lower than the long-term 2-percentile flow (Q2) threshold. In general, daily average flows are equal to or lower than the Q2 threshold about seven days of the year.

About the Data

Indicator Notes

Streamflow measurements were used from gauges in areas where streamflow is minimally affected by human influences such as dams, land development, or changes in land cover. Changes in land cover and land use over time, however, could still influence streamflow trends at some streams. The gauges used for this indicator are not evenly distributed across the country, due to variation in the availability of long-term data.

Data Sources

Streamflow data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. These data came from a set of gauges in watersheds with minimal human impacts, which have been classified as reference gauges.² Daily average streamflow data are stored in the National Water Information System and are publicly available at: https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/sw.

Technical Documentation

Download related technical information (PDF)

References

USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). (2023). Analysis of data from the National Water Information System. Retrieved September 2023.
Lins, H. F. (2012). USGS Hydro-Climatic Data Network 2009 (HCDN-2009) (Fact Sheet 2012–3047). U.S. Geological Survey. https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3047

Text on this page is EPA’s own published wording (a U.S. Government work, not subject to domestic copyright), extracted from EPA’s published indicator page by the build-indicator skill. Data, chart code, and the full extraction pipeline are maintained in the streamflow repository, which this page reads its data from directly.