Marine Heat Waves

Oceans
This indicator tracks the occurrence of unusually high temperatures in U.S. coastal waters.

This indicator tracks the occurrence of unusually high temperatures in U.S. coastal waters.

Figures

Figure 1. Change in Annual Cumulative Intensity of Marine Heat Waves in the United States, 1982–2023

Data source: NOAA, 20244
Web update: June 2024

This map shows the change in annual cumulative intensity of marine heat waves along U.S. coasts from 1982 to 2023. Cumulative intensity is measured in degree days—marine heat wave intensity multiplied by duration. Areas with increases are shown in red, with darker colors indicating greater change. The map shows total change, which is the annual rate of change (trend slope) multiplied by the number of years analyzed. The boundaries include the area within the U.S. exclusive economic zone.

Figure 2. Change in Cumulative Intensity of Marine Heat Waves in the United States by Season, 1982–2023

Data source: NOAA, 20244
Web update: June 2024

This set of maps shows the change in cumulative intensity of marine heat waves along U.S. coasts from 1982 to 2023 by season. The calculation approach and geographic area are the same as in Figure 1. Seasons are defined as follows: December, January, and February for winter; March, April, and May for spring; June, July, and August for summer; and September, October, and November for fall.

Figure 3. Areas Affected by Marine Heat Waves by U.S. Coastal Region, 1982-2023

Data source: NOAA, 20244
Web update: June 2024

Figure data (CSV) EPA source data (CSV)

These graphs show the percentage of each coastal region’s area that experienced at least one marine heat wave in a given year. The stacked segments show severity levels (see definitions in the technical documentation) for the most severe heat wave at a location, while the total height of the stack represents the total area that experienced a marine heat wave of any severity. For example, in 2023, 100 percent of the Northeast region experienced at least one heat wave of moderate severity or higher, while 35 percent of the region’s area experienced at least one severe heat wave and 8 percent experienced an extreme heat wave. Data are broken into six regions whose boundaries include the area within the U.S. exclusive economic zone.

Show the data behind this figure
Year Region Moderate (%) Strong (%) Severe (%) Extreme (%)
1982 West Coast 47.8 8.6 0.0 0.0
1982 Gulf of Mexico 21.5 64.8 10.5 0.5
1982 Southeast 30.0 63.2 2.0 0.6
1982 Northeast 48.9 14.4 0.0 0.0
1982 Alaska 26.8 23.3 5.9 7.8
1982 Hawaii 15.4 14.8 2.9 0.8
1983 West Coast 27.8 61.3 2.2 0.0
1983 Gulf of Mexico 37.3 14.3 0.3 0.0
1983 Southeast 24.9 58.4 11.2 2.0
1983 Northeast 43.8 30.2 3.8 0.0
1983 Alaska 40.6 33.4 5.2 1.3
1983 Hawaii 35.8 9.0 2.9 0.0
1984 West Coast 49.2 29.3 2.0 0.0
1984 Gulf of Mexico 42.0 10.4 0.1 0.0
1984 Southeast 40.6 47.4 0.9 0.0
1984 Northeast 60.6 30.5 2.9 0.1
1984 Alaska 42.7 33.9 8.7 0.3
1984 Hawaii 34.9 57.8 6.0 0.1
1985 West Coast 24.2 3.4 0.0 0.0
1985 Gulf of Mexico 67.5 1.5 0.0 0.0
1985 Southeast 41.2 22.2 3.6 0.4
1985 Northeast 55.1 32.7 1.8 0.0
1985 Alaska 43.9 20.5 3.6 0.2
1985 Hawaii 27.0 2.0 0.0 0.0
1986 West Coast 72.0 11.5 0.0 0.0
1986 Gulf of Mexico 66.2 18.1 0.0 0.0
1986 Southeast 57.5 33.9 0.7 0.0
1986 Northeast 52.8 23.9 2.7 0.0
1986 Alaska 59.0 19.4 1.5 0.1
1986 Hawaii 26.4 21.4 0.8 0.0
1987 West Coast 65.7 12.9 0.2 0.0
1987 Gulf of Mexico 43.7 3.1 0.0 0.0
1987 Southeast 50.9 45.1 0.0 0.0
1987 Northeast 38.5 6.7 0.0 0.0
1987 Alaska 52.4 11.7 0.9 0.0
1987 Hawaii 48.0 23.1 3.2 0.1
1988 West Coast 29.7 11.0 0.0 0.0
1988 Gulf of Mexico 17.3 0.6 0.0 0.0
1988 Southeast 18.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
1988 Northeast 32.6 4.8 0.1 0.0
1988 Alaska 34.0 5.8 0.7 0.9
1988 Hawaii 60.7 36.8 0.9 0.0
1989 West Coast 63.3 13.5 0.4 0.0
1989 Gulf of Mexico 67.3 12.7 0.0 0.0
1989 Southeast 54.9 6.8 0.0 0.0
1989 Northeast 57.3 17.1 0.6 0.0
1989 Alaska 41.7 17.2 6.1 2.7
1989 Hawaii 62.8 14.4 0.3 0.0
1990 West Coast 68.6 22.6 1.2 0.0
1990 Gulf of Mexico 63.2 21.9 0.0 0.0
1990 Southeast 68.6 9.4 0.0 0.0
1990 Northeast 63.8 20.2 2.9 0.3
1990 Alaska 40.3 13.5 1.6 0.8
1990 Hawaii 27.4 1.5 0.0 0.0
1991 West Coast 23.4 0.8 0.0 0.0
1991 Gulf of Mexico 56.9 15.5 0.3 0.0
1991 Southeast 50.0 30.4 2.9 0.0
1991 Northeast 54.5 20.4 2.5 0.8
1991 Alaska 44.0 16.8 3.2 0.2
1991 Hawaii 36.5 20.6 0.7 0.0
1992 West Coast 9.0 87.7 3.1 0.2
1992 Gulf of Mexico 46.8 1.2 0.0 0.0
1992 Southeast 37.1 5.1 0.9 0.0
1992 Northeast 11.8 2.5 0.0 0.0
1992 Alaska 25.1 6.9 0.9 0.1
1992 Hawaii 25.7 17.3 1.4 0.0
1993 West Coast 61.7 26.2 0.3 0.0
1993 Gulf of Mexico 66.5 10.4 0.0 0.0
1993 Southeast 55.7 10.0 0.0 0.0
1993 Northeast 40.3 3.2 0.0 0.0
1993 Alaska 58.8 25.1 2.0 1.2
1993 Hawaii 36.2 2.2 0.0 0.0
1994 West Coast 43.7 43.8 3.3 0.0
1994 Gulf of Mexico 63.4 9.2 0.0 0.0
1994 Southeast 61.0 22.0 0.3 0.0
1994 Northeast 62.6 19.5 2.1 0.3
1994 Alaska 50.6 15.0 2.8 3.4
1994 Hawaii 53.4 4.2 0.0 0.0
1995 West Coast 39.4 44.9 13.2 0.7
1995 Gulf of Mexico 70.1 23.8 3.2 0.0
1995 Southeast 61.6 13.0 0.0 0.0
1995 Northeast 68.1 16.7 1.9 0.1
1995 Alaska 56.1 15.5 2.8 1.6
1995 Hawaii 52.8 26.6 2.6 0.0
1996 West Coast 61.0 30.9 0.3 0.0
1996 Gulf of Mexico 51.9 4.5 0.0 0.0
1996 Southeast 28.0 4.1 0.0 0.0
1996 Northeast 19.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
1996 Alaska 33.2 37.2 3.7 0.9
1996 Hawaii 22.4 45.7 18.8 0.8
1997 West Coast 12.2 73.2 14.5 0.0
1997 Gulf of Mexico 73.5 14.6 0.0 0.0
1997 Southeast 68.8 22.2 0.1 0.0
1997 Northeast 15.0 1.6 0.0 0.0
1997 Alaska 39.7 48.0 8.0 1.8
1997 Hawaii 48.4 36.3 0.7 0.0
1998 West Coast 65.6 29.9 0.7 0.0
1998 Gulf of Mexico 45.6 51.0 0.2 0.0
1998 Southeast 44.1 53.5 0.0 0.0
1998 Northeast 30.1 4.0 0.0 0.0
1998 Alaska 38.5 28.3 5.8 5.8
1998 Hawaii 55.2 12.8 0.0 0.0
1999 West Coast 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
1999 Gulf of Mexico 56.9 41.9 0.0 0.0
1999 Southeast 62.0 28.7 0.0 0.0
1999 Northeast 56.9 31.8 3.6 0.1
1999 Alaska 17.8 1.4 0.1 0.0
1999 Hawaii 38.1 12.4 2.4 0.3
2000 West Coast 30.9 3.1 0.0 0.0
2000 Gulf of Mexico 70.4 12.6 4.7 3.0
2000 Southeast 44.3 4.5 4.5 3.9
2000 Northeast 60.7 26.5 1.3 0.0
2000 Alaska 42.8 21.6 1.6 0.3
2000 Hawaii 22.6 35.8 2.7 0.5
2001 West Coast 20.7 1.6 0.0 0.0
2001 Gulf of Mexico 70.1 18.5 0.0 0.0
2001 Southeast 49.1 2.0 0.0 0.0
2001 Northeast 60.7 26.1 0.6 0.0
2001 Alaska 41.8 16.3 3.6 1.1
2001 Hawaii 49.6 20.0 0.0 0.0
2002 West Coast 34.3 10.8 0.4 0.0
2002 Gulf of Mexico 43.1 53.3 1.9 0.0
2002 Southeast 43.9 52.0 0.6 0.0
2002 Northeast 47.0 46.6 3.5 0.0
2002 Alaska 47.9 24.0 4.5 1.9
2002 Hawaii 57.8 22.5 2.5 0.0
2003 West Coast 75.0 14.7 0.5 0.0
2003 Gulf of Mexico 65.4 17.1 0.0 0.0
2003 Southeast 59.1 34.8 0.7 0.0
2003 Northeast 50.6 11.9 0.0 0.0
2003 Alaska 40.5 48.9 7.2 2.6
2003 Hawaii 60.0 12.5 0.0 0.0
2004 West Coast 37.1 42.5 1.1 0.0
2004 Gulf of Mexico 57.4 35.4 0.8 0.0
2004 Southeast 49.7 18.0 0.0 0.0
2004 Northeast 30.2 6.7 0.0 0.0
2004 Alaska 26.9 58.2 8.4 0.8
2004 Hawaii 57.2 39.3 1.4 0.1
2005 West Coast 73.9 21.7 0.4 0.0
2005 Gulf of Mexico 61.7 25.5 0.1 0.0
2005 Southeast 12.8 72.6 12.8 0.0
2005 Northeast 52.0 44.1 0.5 0.0
2005 Alaska 29.5 56.4 10.7 2.6
2005 Hawaii 63.7 31.6 0.3 0.0
2006 West Coast 46.4 8.4 1.3 0.0
2006 Gulf of Mexico 64.6 34.8 0.3 0.0
2006 Southeast 50.4 23.2 0.0 0.0
2006 Northeast 69.3 17.5 1.4 0.0
2006 Alaska 38.3 37.3 6.7 2.1
2006 Hawaii 59.2 33.1 0.5 0.0
2007 West Coast 44.8 9.3 0.2 0.4
2007 Gulf of Mexico 75.8 21.1 0.4 0.0
2007 Southeast 55.8 39.1 3.9 0.0
2007 Northeast 26.7 59.4 7.7 1.0
2007 Alaska 26.8 21.4 11.1 8.0
2007 Hawaii 53.8 22.7 0.1 0.0
2008 West Coast 12.1 3.3 0.0 0.0
2008 Gulf of Mexico 71.6 11.8 0.0 0.0
2008 Southeast 57.1 32.3 2.0 0.0
2008 Northeast 26.2 51.1 10.6 4.7
2008 Alaska 22.8 19.4 3.7 5.3
2008 Hawaii 44.8 39.4 1.1 0.0
2009 West Coast 49.7 13.4 0.0 0.0
2009 Gulf of Mexico 41.9 56.9 0.4 0.7
2009 Southeast 63.3 32.5 0.3 0.0
2009 Northeast 25.8 57.2 11.4 4.4
2009 Alaska 22.0 9.5 2.2 11.1
2009 Hawaii 45.8 50.1 0.8 0.0
2010 West Coast 16.7 0.6 0.0 0.0
2010 Gulf of Mexico 18.8 79.0 2.2 0.0
2010 Southeast 14.3 81.2 4.5 0.0
2010 Northeast 19.8 58.8 20.5 0.0
2010 Alaska 42.7 14.6 0.4 0.0
2010 Hawaii 54.7 16.8 0.2 0.0
2011 West Coast 29.5 2.6 0.0 0.0
2011 Gulf of Mexico 52.0 47.1 0.2 0.0
2011 Southeast 45.9 46.5 0.0 0.0
2011 Northeast 13.2 67.6 18.4 0.8
2011 Alaska 42.1 20.3 0.4 0.0
2011 Hawaii 59.2 30.1 1.6 0.1
2012 West Coast 27.4 6.1 0.4 0.0
2012 Gulf of Mexico 26.6 70.7 2.6 0.0
2012 Southeast 58.1 32.3 1.3 0.0
2012 Northeast 5.8 38.7 33.7 21.8
2012 Alaska 17.9 7.7 5.2 2.6
2012 Hawaii 42.0 17.6 0.3 0.0
2013 West Coast 50.8 10.7 0.1 0.0
2013 Gulf of Mexico 60.6 18.6 2.1 0.0
2013 Southeast 38.6 43.5 1.4 0.0
2013 Northeast 16.0 49.8 24.3 2.7
2013 Alaska 31.4 35.5 8.3 2.3
2013 Hawaii 60.4 32.7 0.6 0.0
2014 West Coast 5.0 71.2 22.9 0.8
2014 Gulf of Mexico 57.4 33.9 3.3 0.0
2014 Southeast 37.5 59.4 1.6 0.0
2014 Northeast 14.4 58.1 19.3 6.9
2014 Alaska 12.1 47.2 29.4 5.8
2014 Hawaii 1.7 57.5 39.3 1.5
2015 West Coast 2.8 45.5 44.6 7.0
2015 Gulf of Mexico 9.1 79.1 10.4 1.5
2015 Southeast 11.0 78.3 10.3 0.4
2015 Northeast 1.2 53.0 37.7 8.0
2015 Alaska 11.1 68.2 16.2 1.4
2015 Hawaii 24.9 26.1 36.0 9.2
2016 West Coast 5.6 85.8 8.6 0.0
2016 Gulf of Mexico 0.5 85.6 13.7 0.2
2016 Southeast 6.8 76.1 16.1 1.0
2016 Northeast 3.2 55.4 32.9 8.4
2016 Alaska 2.6 33.9 40.1 23.2
2016 Hawaii 35.6 55.7 5.3 0.0
2017 West Coast 54.8 32.3 0.4 0.0
2017 Gulf of Mexico 19.1 70.3 9.5 1.1
2017 Southeast 19.9 62.2 16.4 1.3
2017 Northeast 14.7 58.8 22.6 1.3
2017 Alaska 32.9 37.1 9.9 17.5
2017 Hawaii 16.4 71.8 11.8 0.0
2018 West Coast 62.0 32.9 1.6 0.0
2018 Gulf of Mexico 14.7 72.2 12.4 0.8
2018 Southeast 24.2 72.2 3.6 0.0
2018 Northeast 4.2 58.6 35.3 1.9
2018 Alaska 3.6 62.8 18.8 12.4
2018 Hawaii 46.0 29.2 5.5 0.0
2019 West Coast 26.0 62.5 10.0 0.0
2019 Gulf of Mexico 5.8 91.9 2.2 0.1
2019 Southeast 8.1 79.9 11.7 0.3
2019 Northeast 9.9 65.6 20.8 1.9
2019 Alaska 4.4 45.3 31.4 18.9
2019 Hawaii 2.3 48.0 46.1 3.7
2020 West Coast 33.5 61.1 4.1 0.0
2020 Gulf of Mexico 11.4 79.3 9.0 0.4
2020 Southeast 3.5 71.9 23.3 1.3
2020 Northeast 9.9 62.5 25.3 2.3
2020 Alaska 21.1 54.2 11.5 10.3
2020 Hawaii 5.2 80.5 14.3 0.0
2021 West Coast 53.3 17.8 0.1 0.0
2021 Gulf of Mexico 57.5 35.9 3.4 0.0
2021 Southeast 39.4 54.9 1.4 0.0
2021 Northeast 5.4 66.0 24.0 3.6
2021 Alaska 26.9 40.0 7.3 13.4
2021 Hawaii 39.0 51.3 3.6 0.0
2022 West Coast 26.7 63.0 4.0 0.0
2022 Gulf of Mexico 23.3 70.1 6.6 0.0
2022 Southeast 34.5 63.5 2.0 0.0
2022 Northeast 11.7 43.2 33.6 11.4
2022 Alaska 34.1 31.7 11.9 14.5
2022 Hawaii 29.7 69.1 0.9 0.0
2023 West Coast 38.1 50.2 9.6 1.7
2023 Gulf of Mexico 0.0 75.9 23.7 0.4
2023 Southeast 19.3 69.4 11.3 0.0
2023 Northeast 4.5 51.8 35.9 7.7
2023 Alaska 40.1 35.3 7.0 11.8
2023 Hawaii 47.3 51.9 0.2 0.0

Figure 4. Marine Heat Wave Intensity and Duration at Five Marine Protected Areas, 1982-2023

Data source: NOAA, 20244
Web update: June 2024

Figure data (CSV) EPA source data (CSV)

These graphs show a timeline of marine heat wave events for five marine protected areas selected from different parts of the U.S. coastline. The columns in each graph show each individual event’s duration (width of the column), intensity (height), and severity level (color; see definitions in the technical documentation). The distribution of vertical columns reflects the frequency of heat waves. The small map to the right shows the areas analyzed (blue).

Note: EPA’s published data for this figure does not include the boundaries of the five areas, so the chart on this page does not carry the small locator map.

Show the data behind this figure
Marine protected area Start End Duration (days) Mean intensity (°F) Severity
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1982-12-20 1982-12-26 7 2.83 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1983-01-23 1983-01-27 5 2.77 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1983-02-04 1983-02-08 5 2.31 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1983-02-14 1983-02-26 13 2.88 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1983-03-02 1983-04-05 35 2.99 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1983-04-27 1983-05-01 5 3.06 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1983-07-06 1983-07-12 7 3.11 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1983-11-02 1983-11-08 7 2.42 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1983-11-16 1983-11-29 14 2.32 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1987-11-13 1987-11-26 14 2.43 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1989-04-29 1989-05-09 11 3.63 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1990-07-04 1990-07-11 8 2.95 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1990-09-01 1990-09-29 29 4.34 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1992-02-24 1992-03-14 20 3.10 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1992-03-21 1992-04-05 16 3.15 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1992-04-11 1992-04-23 13 2.50 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1992-05-02 1992-05-07 6 2.62 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1992-06-28 1992-07-08 11 3.58 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1993-05-23 1993-06-19 28 4.24 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1994-07-31 1994-08-31 32 4.97 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1994-09-26 1994-09-30 5 3.18 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1995-03-17 1995-03-22 6 2.79 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1995-07-17 1995-07-28 12 3.92 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1995-09-10 1995-09-18 9 3.90 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1995-10-13 1995-10-21 9 2.79 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1995-12-13 1995-12-26 14 2.57 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1996-01-06 1996-01-14 9 2.89 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1997-05-23 1997-07-02 41 3.88 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1997-07-06 1997-07-16 11 3.31 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1997-07-29 1997-08-06 9 3.36 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1997-08-28 1997-12-24 119 3.99 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1997-12-29 1998-01-07 10 2.64 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1998-01-14 1998-04-01 78 3.68 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1998-04-28 1998-05-05 8 2.68 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1998-07-25 1998-07-30 6 3.93 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1998-08-07 1998-08-28 22 3.85 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 1998-11-26 1998-12-11 16 2.27 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2002-12-15 2003-02-05 53 2.77 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2003-07-09 2003-07-14 6 3.02 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2004-05-12 2004-05-26 15 3.26 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2004-05-31 2004-06-05 6 3.35 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2004-06-22 2004-06-28 7 2.99 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2004-07-18 2004-07-23 6 3.18 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2005-05-05 2005-05-17 13 2.73 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2005-10-13 2005-10-23 11 2.80 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2005-10-27 2005-11-03 8 2.31 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2006-01-02 2006-01-22 21 2.86 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2006-04-07 2006-04-11 5 2.26 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2007-07-21 2007-07-28 8 3.31 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2010-02-08 2010-02-12 5 2.55 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2010-03-03 2010-03-08 6 2.70 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2011-10-08 2011-10-16 9 2.55 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2012-12-01 2012-12-06 6 2.34 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2013-06-20 2013-06-24 5 3.34 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2013-06-29 2013-07-07 9 3.99 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2013-08-31 2013-09-29 30 4.83 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2014-04-30 2014-05-28 29 4.34 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2014-09-26 2014-11-12 48 4.78 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2014-11-21 2015-01-02 43 3.79 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2015-01-06 2015-01-10 5 3.60 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2015-01-14 2015-03-01 47 3.45 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2015-03-09 2015-04-21 44 2.86 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2015-07-04 2015-07-29 26 3.07 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2015-08-10 2015-08-16 7 3.03 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2015-09-20 2015-11-23 65 3.80 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2015-12-03 2015-12-17 15 2.72 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2016-01-15 2016-03-13 59 3.10 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2016-03-28 2016-05-04 38 3.48 Severe
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2016-07-18 2016-07-25 8 3.44 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2016-10-28 2016-12-04 38 3.72 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2018-01-21 2018-02-01 12 2.44 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2018-06-17 2018-06-22 6 3.62 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2019-01-22 2019-01-29 8 2.57 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2019-04-08 2019-04-16 9 2.13 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2019-06-29 2019-08-15 48 3.88 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2019-08-24 2019-08-29 6 3.18 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2019-09-02 2019-09-27 26 4.61 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2020-05-08 2020-05-20 13 3.44 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2020-09-29 2020-10-13 15 3.53 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2021-06-24 2021-07-04 11 4.05 Strong
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2022-08-16 2022-08-22 7 3.50 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2023-05-11 2023-05-18 8 3.65 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2023-10-06 2023-10-25 20 3.07 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2023-11-05 2023-11-29 25 2.31 Moderate
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 2023-12-21 2023-12-31 11 2.91 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1982-02-10 1982-02-26 17 2.12 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1982-10-31 1982-11-09 10 3.05 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1982-11-28 1982-12-06 9 2.63 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1982-12-25 1983-02-25 63 2.80 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1983-03-03 1983-03-08 6 2.19 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1983-03-13 1983-03-22 10 2.17 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1983-09-06 1983-09-13 8 3.47 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1984-01-31 1984-02-04 5 2.09 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1984-02-11 1984-03-01 20 3.14 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1984-08-14 1984-08-22 9 3.65 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1984-11-10 1984-11-15 6 1.89 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1984-12-19 1984-12-27 9 2.96 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1985-01-05 1985-01-09 5 2.84 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1989-09-09 1989-09-14 6 3.62 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1990-08-03 1990-08-07 5 3.02 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1990-08-11 1990-08-19 9 3.92 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1990-10-13 1990-10-17 5 3.27 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1991-03-05 1991-03-09 5 2.27 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1991-05-23 1991-06-04 13 4.89 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1991-07-21 1991-07-26 6 2.90 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1996-06-11 1996-06-18 8 4.20 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1999-06-01 1999-06-08 8 4.04 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1999-07-26 1999-08-03 9 3.04 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 1999-09-03 1999-09-15 13 4.22 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2001-06-16 2001-06-29 14 4.62 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2002-03-02 2002-03-07 6 2.00 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2002-03-13 2002-03-18 6 2.32 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2002-04-13 2002-04-24 12 3.59 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2002-07-01 2002-07-09 9 3.85 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2002-08-11 2002-08-20 10 3.27 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2003-09-25 2003-10-01 7 3.33 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2005-07-19 2005-07-23 5 3.53 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2006-12-23 2007-02-06 46 3.17 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2007-07-29 2007-08-04 7 3.61 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2007-10-03 2007-10-11 9 4.07 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2007-10-20 2007-10-28 9 2.80 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2008-04-22 2008-04-28 7 4.46 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2008-07-28 2008-08-05 9 3.31 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2008-08-15 2008-08-25 11 3.65 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2008-09-04 2008-09-11 8 3.34 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2009-08-12 2009-08-29 18 5.00 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2009-11-28 2009-12-05 8 2.31 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2010-03-19 2010-03-23 5 2.77 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2010-04-02 2010-05-08 37 3.74 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2010-05-23 2010-06-06 15 5.23 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2010-06-20 2010-07-25 36 5.25 Severe
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2010-08-30 2010-09-09 11 3.99 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2010-09-25 2010-10-01 7 3.52 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2011-05-27 2011-06-01 6 3.97 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2011-06-07 2011-06-11 5 4.52 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2011-06-28 2011-07-13 16 4.75 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2011-07-20 2011-07-25 6 3.74 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2011-07-31 2011-08-05 6 3.37 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2011-09-23 2011-10-29 37 3.98 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2011-11-02 2012-04-30 181 3.22 Extreme
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2012-05-11 2012-06-03 24 5.60 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2012-06-20 2012-07-24 35 5.96 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2012-08-01 2012-09-18 49 4.19 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2012-10-25 2012-10-30 6 2.67 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2012-11-21 2013-02-20 92 2.94 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2013-02-24 2013-03-18 23 2.47 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2013-03-23 2013-04-01 10 2.16 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2013-04-28 2013-05-24 27 4.18 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2013-07-02 2013-07-25 24 5.41 Severe
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2013-07-29 2013-08-04 7 3.76 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2013-10-02 2013-10-29 28 3.49 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2013-11-05 2013-11-09 5 2.10 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2014-05-10 2014-05-14 5 3.63 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2014-08-31 2014-09-12 13 4.38 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2014-10-13 2014-10-25 13 3.17 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2014-11-10 2014-11-14 5 2.07 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2015-01-02 2015-01-06 5 2.20 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2015-07-10 2015-07-15 6 3.17 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2015-07-19 2015-08-02 15 3.67 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2015-08-16 2015-09-30 46 4.36 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2015-11-02 2016-04-02 153 2.75 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2016-05-23 2016-06-07 16 4.40 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2016-07-16 2016-08-21 37 4.64 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2016-08-26 2016-11-04 71 4.00 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2016-11-09 2016-12-19 41 2.70 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2016-12-23 2017-02-13 53 3.05 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2017-02-17 2017-03-11 23 2.74 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2017-04-14 2017-04-18 5 2.80 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2017-08-14 2017-08-22 9 2.91 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2017-09-24 2017-11-10 48 4.46 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2018-02-27 2018-03-05 7 2.10 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2018-05-29 2018-06-03 6 4.53 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2018-06-08 2018-06-12 5 4.20 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2018-06-17 2018-06-23 7 3.90 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2018-06-30 2018-10-15 108 4.51 Severe
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2019-07-02 2019-08-06 36 5.01 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2019-08-18 2019-08-24 7 3.62 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2019-08-29 2019-09-06 9 3.33 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2019-09-21 2019-10-03 13 4.62 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2019-10-24 2019-11-08 16 2.83 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2020-01-12 2020-04-09 89 2.86 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2020-06-17 2020-08-30 75 4.79 Severe
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2020-09-03 2020-09-19 17 4.04 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2020-09-25 2020-10-09 15 3.43 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2020-10-19 2020-12-07 50 2.91 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2021-03-10 2021-03-15 6 2.05 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2021-03-24 2021-04-16 24 2.66 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2021-05-13 2021-05-28 16 5.06 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2021-06-06 2021-06-22 17 5.15 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2021-06-28 2021-07-02 5 4.49 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2021-07-15 2021-07-29 15 3.83 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2021-08-07 2021-09-01 26 5.00 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2021-09-08 2022-03-29 203 3.67 Severe
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2022-06-09 2022-06-18 10 4.45 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2022-06-26 2022-07-08 13 3.93 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2022-08-04 2022-08-09 6 3.29 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2022-08-22 2022-09-22 32 4.33 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2022-10-20 2022-12-19 61 3.74 Severe
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2023-01-13 2023-01-31 19 2.58 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2023-02-06 2023-05-01 85 2.99 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2023-05-07 2023-05-17 11 4.37 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2023-05-27 2023-06-03 8 4.00 Moderate
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2023-06-21 2023-07-30 40 4.66 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2023-09-04 2023-09-25 22 5.08 Severe
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2023-09-29 2023-11-11 44 3.61 Strong
Gerry E. Studds/Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 2023-11-15 2023-11-25 11 2.08 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1982-02-09 1982-02-17 9 2.56 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1982-03-18 1982-03-29 12 3.57 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1982-04-17 1982-04-30 14 2.95 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1986-11-17 1986-12-04 18 2.38 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1986-12-12 1986-12-17 6 1.92 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1987-01-17 1987-01-22 6 2.22 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1990-02-01 1990-02-06 6 2.17 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1991-01-14 1991-01-18 5 2.18 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1991-01-28 1991-02-08 12 3.03 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1991-08-19 1991-08-24 6 2.30 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1993-01-04 1993-01-19 16 3.04 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1993-07-22 1993-08-01 11 2.03 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1994-02-23 1994-03-01 7 2.89 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1994-03-22 1994-03-28 7 2.43 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1994-05-06 1994-05-20 15 2.30 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1994-11-29 1994-12-19 21 2.38 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1995-05-11 1995-05-28 18 2.53 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1997-01-01 1997-01-06 6 2.16 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1997-02-20 1997-03-06 15 2.95 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1997-03-27 1997-04-01 6 2.59 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1997-07-14 1997-07-21 8 1.61 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1997-07-30 1997-08-26 28 1.95 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1998-06-04 1998-06-20 17 2.16 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1998-07-01 1998-07-12 12 2.62 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1998-07-31 1998-08-05 6 1.60 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1998-08-10 1998-08-15 6 1.77 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1998-08-23 1998-09-11 20 1.73 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1999-02-04 1999-02-13 10 2.51 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1999-04-12 1999-04-18 7 2.37 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1999-05-11 1999-05-17 7 2.33 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1999-07-28 1999-08-05 9 2.19 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1999-08-12 1999-08-16 5 1.85 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 1999-09-01 1999-09-13 13 2.24 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2000-07-18 2000-07-26 9 1.83 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2000-10-04 2000-10-10 7 2.03 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2001-06-13 2001-06-17 5 1.56 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2002-02-02 2002-02-07 6 2.30 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2002-03-21 2002-03-27 7 2.69 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2002-03-31 2002-04-06 7 3.36 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2002-04-21 2002-05-08 18 2.62 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2002-10-28 2002-11-16 20 2.20 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2003-03-02 2003-03-26 25 3.50 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2003-05-12 2003-05-20 9 2.13 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2003-06-03 2003-06-10 8 1.85 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2003-10-01 2003-10-15 15 1.95 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2004-12-04 2004-12-12 9 1.69 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2006-09-16 2006-10-01 16 2.30 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2006-10-21 2006-10-25 5 1.80 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2006-12-31 2007-01-11 12 2.78 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2007-01-16 2007-01-27 12 2.65 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2007-09-02 2007-09-14 13 1.59 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2007-12-13 2007-12-17 5 2.15 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2008-02-06 2008-02-10 5 3.39 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2008-02-23 2008-02-27 5 2.93 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2009-06-16 2009-06-22 7 1.68 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2009-08-31 2009-09-04 5 1.61 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2009-09-27 2009-10-18 22 2.49 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2009-10-28 2009-11-06 10 2.01 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2009-12-13 2009-12-20 8 2.00 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2010-05-07 2010-05-11 5 2.39 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2010-06-04 2010-06-22 19 2.52 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2010-07-10 2010-07-15 6 1.79 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2011-04-09 2011-04-19 11 2.51 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2011-05-09 2011-05-13 5 2.12 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2011-07-18 2011-07-22 5 1.93 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2011-08-03 2011-08-08 6 2.10 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2011-08-12 2011-08-25 14 2.22 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2011-09-07 2011-09-11 5 1.57 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2012-04-01 2012-04-07 7 2.79 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2012-05-28 2012-06-01 5 2.17 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2013-01-15 2013-01-19 5 2.16 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2013-04-16 2013-04-23 8 2.67 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2013-11-19 2013-11-28 10 2.11 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2013-12-10 2013-12-17 8 2.14 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2013-12-21 2014-01-03 14 2.53 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2014-01-09 2014-01-16 8 2.57 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2014-02-05 2014-02-13 9 3.07 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2014-02-22 2014-02-28 7 3.25 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2014-06-22 2014-07-21 30 1.66 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2014-07-28 2014-08-02 6 1.95 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2014-08-13 2014-09-06 25 1.81 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2014-10-02 2014-10-10 9 1.77 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2014-12-29 2015-01-09 12 2.47 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2015-01-21 2015-01-25 5 2.37 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2015-03-18 2015-03-28 11 3.47 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2015-04-13 2015-05-01 19 3.51 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2015-05-19 2015-05-26 8 2.47 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2015-06-25 2015-07-07 13 2.20 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2015-07-18 2015-07-26 9 1.88 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2015-08-10 2015-08-17 8 2.02 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2015-08-21 2015-09-13 24 2.22 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2015-09-19 2015-09-23 5 2.01 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2015-11-03 2015-11-24 22 2.44 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2015-12-14 2016-01-22 40 3.32 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2016-02-04 2016-02-08 5 2.62 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2016-03-15 2016-03-20 6 3.17 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2016-05-20 2016-05-25 6 2.43 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2016-05-29 2016-06-04 7 2.05 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2016-06-14 2016-07-16 33 2.42 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2016-09-18 2016-10-19 32 2.07 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2016-12-13 2017-01-08 27 2.54 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2017-01-18 2017-01-23 6 2.53 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2017-02-28 2017-03-04 5 2.77 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2017-03-31 2017-04-07 8 2.71 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2017-05-26 2017-06-07 13 2.15 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2017-06-28 2017-07-13 16 1.90 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2017-07-17 2017-08-02 17 1.86 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2017-08-14 2017-08-19 6 1.87 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2017-09-01 2017-09-10 10 1.79 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2017-09-14 2017-09-18 5 1.54 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2017-09-22 2017-09-29 8 1.62 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2017-12-02 2017-12-09 8 1.86 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2018-02-24 2018-03-04 9 3.21 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2018-06-21 2018-07-30 40 1.82 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2018-11-07 2018-11-16 10 2.10 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2018-11-20 2018-11-27 8 1.78 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2019-01-01 2019-01-05 5 2.35 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2019-02-12 2019-03-19 36 3.36 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2019-04-12 2019-04-18 7 2.24 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2019-05-05 2019-05-21 17 2.53 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2019-06-02 2019-07-12 41 2.12 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2019-08-08 2019-08-21 14 2.32 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2019-10-16 2019-11-17 33 2.67 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2019-12-30 2020-01-05 7 2.38 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2020-01-12 2020-01-21 10 2.59 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2020-02-12 2020-02-22 11 3.06 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2020-03-30 2020-04-30 32 3.56 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2020-05-31 2020-06-04 5 1.86 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2020-06-20 2020-07-18 29 2.46 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2020-08-16 2020-08-21 6 1.69 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2020-08-29 2020-09-14 17 1.59 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2020-09-19 2020-09-23 5 1.63 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2020-09-30 2020-10-21 22 1.89 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2020-10-28 2020-11-17 21 1.98 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2021-02-13 2021-02-20 8 2.92 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2021-02-27 2021-03-05 7 2.76 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2021-05-01 2021-05-15 15 2.77 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2021-07-27 2021-08-12 17 1.82 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2021-09-24 2021-11-05 43 2.01 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2021-12-09 2022-01-17 40 2.51 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2022-02-25 2022-03-13 17 2.96 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2022-03-18 2022-03-25 8 2.82 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2022-04-02 2022-04-09 8 2.87 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2022-05-17 2022-05-21 5 2.07 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2022-06-13 2022-07-25 43 2.03 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2022-08-16 2022-09-27 43 2.11 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2022-11-03 2022-12-25 53 2.26 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2023-01-22 2023-01-27 6 2.37 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2023-02-02 2023-02-13 12 2.69 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2023-02-17 2023-03-15 27 3.18 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2023-03-26 2023-05-04 40 2.82 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2023-05-16 2023-06-02 18 2.34 Moderate
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2023-06-13 2023-08-29 78 3.13 Severe
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2023-09-09 2023-10-18 40 2.57 Strong
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 2023-11-09 2023-12-13 35 2.36 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1984-05-01 1984-05-25 25 2.19 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1984-05-31 1984-06-15 16 2.23 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1984-07-01 1984-07-30 30 2.09 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1984-11-19 1984-11-27 9 1.48 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1987-08-20 1987-08-31 12 1.68 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1988-06-13 1988-07-06 24 1.90 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1988-09-27 1988-10-13 17 1.26 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1988-12-28 1989-01-19 23 1.81 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1990-10-26 1990-11-02 8 1.24 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1995-09-30 1995-10-04 5 1.09 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1996-04-21 1996-04-27 7 2.10 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1996-06-26 1996-07-03 8 1.61 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1996-09-16 1996-09-25 10 1.09 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1997-08-02 1997-08-19 18 1.78 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1997-08-28 1997-09-08 12 1.59 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1997-10-09 1997-10-21 13 1.15 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1998-11-04 1998-11-09 6 1.33 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1999-02-09 1999-02-19 11 2.40 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 1999-12-14 1999-12-18 5 1.50 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2000-02-04 2000-03-31 57 2.61 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2000-04-25 2000-05-09 15 2.42 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2000-05-19 2000-05-25 7 2.58 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2000-06-11 2000-06-16 6 1.99 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2000-11-29 2000-12-08 10 1.25 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2001-01-13 2001-02-03 22 2.13 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2001-02-09 2001-02-20 12 2.06 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2001-03-08 2001-03-17 10 2.22 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2001-04-02 2001-04-09 8 1.90 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2001-05-04 2001-05-08 5 2.17 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2001-09-18 2001-09-23 6 1.01 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2001-11-03 2001-11-08 6 1.25 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2001-12-10 2001-12-15 6 1.33 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2004-08-22 2004-09-18 28 1.55 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2004-10-29 2004-11-14 17 1.31 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2005-05-11 2005-05-23 13 2.33 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2005-06-26 2005-06-30 5 1.63 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2005-07-04 2005-07-08 5 1.50 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2005-08-23 2005-09-06 15 1.86 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2005-10-10 2005-10-14 5 1.13 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2006-01-08 2006-01-30 23 2.09 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2006-02-04 2006-02-08 5 2.09 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2006-02-26 2006-03-06 9 2.01 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2006-04-05 2006-04-22 18 1.71 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2006-06-04 2006-06-08 5 2.11 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2007-07-07 2007-07-12 6 1.68 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2007-07-30 2007-08-21 23 1.63 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2007-09-07 2007-09-19 13 1.27 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2007-11-11 2007-11-18 8 1.24 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2008-02-06 2008-02-11 6 2.06 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2008-03-03 2008-03-10 8 2.07 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2008-03-23 2008-04-04 13 2.42 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2008-04-30 2008-05-04 5 1.92 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2008-05-08 2008-05-13 6 2.25 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2008-05-17 2008-05-21 5 2.42 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2008-06-01 2008-06-07 7 2.23 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2008-09-12 2008-09-29 18 1.11 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2008-10-04 2008-10-15 12 1.54 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2009-04-15 2009-04-19 5 1.91 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2009-07-02 2009-07-15 14 1.87 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2009-07-26 2009-08-10 16 1.75 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2009-09-15 2009-09-26 12 1.23 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2010-10-18 2010-10-29 12 1.18 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2010-12-10 2010-12-16 7 1.30 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2010-12-30 2011-01-06 8 1.77 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2011-03-28 2011-04-04 8 2.05 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2011-04-10 2011-04-19 10 1.64 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2011-06-04 2011-06-20 17 1.94 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2011-10-07 2011-10-12 6 1.03 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2011-12-26 2012-01-02 8 1.51 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2012-01-09 2012-01-14 6 1.75 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2012-02-17 2012-02-22 6 2.09 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2012-04-17 2012-04-21 5 1.70 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2012-12-20 2012-12-31 12 1.61 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2013-03-02 2013-03-07 6 1.98 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2013-07-15 2013-07-20 6 1.27 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2013-07-30 2013-08-06 8 1.34 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2013-09-12 2013-09-29 18 1.20 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2014-04-20 2014-04-29 10 1.94 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2014-07-07 2014-07-11 5 1.30 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2014-07-21 2014-11-25 128 2.28 Severe
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2015-07-16 2015-10-01 78 1.80 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2015-12-13 2015-12-25 13 1.56 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2016-09-13 2017-02-09 150 1.73 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2017-03-20 2017-04-28 40 2.52 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2017-06-15 2017-10-06 114 1.87 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2017-11-10 2017-11-17 8 1.37 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2018-01-24 2018-01-30 7 1.95 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2019-01-08 2019-01-31 24 1.98 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2019-04-20 2019-04-28 9 1.72 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2019-06-06 2019-06-10 5 2.11 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2019-07-03 2019-08-02 31 1.84 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2019-08-06 2019-11-18 105 2.09 Severe
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2020-05-28 2020-07-30 64 2.40 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2020-08-08 2020-08-14 7 1.42 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2020-09-02 2020-10-26 55 1.79 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2020-11-18 2021-02-13 88 2.18 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2021-02-21 2021-03-03 11 2.04 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2021-03-10 2021-03-14 5 1.82 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2021-05-21 2021-06-01 12 2.44 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2021-06-19 2021-07-05 17 1.94 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2021-09-20 2021-09-25 6 1.08 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2021-10-27 2021-12-04 39 1.78 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2022-02-23 2022-04-15 52 2.20 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2022-04-21 2022-05-17 27 2.25 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2022-05-26 2022-08-02 69 2.47 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2022-08-15 2022-10-18 65 1.62 Strong
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2022-11-01 2022-12-06 36 1.40 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2023-01-04 2023-01-14 11 1.74 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2023-08-23 2023-08-28 6 1.26 Moderate
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 2023-09-30 2023-12-04 66 1.75 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1984-06-26 1984-06-30 5 2.67 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1984-08-20 1984-08-24 5 2.41 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1984-09-24 1984-10-07 14 2.54 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1985-02-03 1985-02-07 5 2.70 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1986-02-12 1986-02-17 6 2.64 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1986-11-14 1986-11-18 5 1.81 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1987-02-12 1987-02-18 7 3.25 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1987-04-23 1987-04-29 7 2.70 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1987-05-03 1987-05-08 6 3.23 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1987-12-10 1988-01-11 33 2.63 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1988-04-02 1988-04-08 7 2.31 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1992-01-18 1992-01-22 5 2.27 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1995-07-04 1995-07-11 8 2.62 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1997-07-02 1997-07-07 6 3.69 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1997-08-12 1997-08-30 19 3.58 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1997-09-09 1997-09-13 5 2.44 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1997-09-23 1997-10-04 12 1.89 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1997-11-03 1997-11-18 16 1.95 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1997-11-24 1997-11-29 6 2.25 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1997-12-23 1997-12-27 5 2.47 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1998-02-07 1998-02-16 10 3.19 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1998-02-21 1998-03-08 16 3.50 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1998-03-21 1998-04-02 13 3.22 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1998-04-06 1998-04-14 9 2.99 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1998-04-19 1998-04-30 12 3.30 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1998-11-06 1998-11-22 17 1.85 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 1999-01-14 1999-01-18 5 2.45 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2001-02-22 2001-02-27 6 3.03 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2001-06-17 2001-06-23 7 3.03 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2001-09-29 2001-10-03 5 1.45 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2002-08-03 2002-08-07 5 2.56 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2002-10-24 2002-10-28 5 1.74 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2002-11-08 2002-11-15 8 1.94 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2002-11-20 2002-11-24 5 2.27 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2003-02-15 2003-04-08 53 2.87 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2003-06-09 2003-06-14 6 2.31 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2003-07-06 2003-07-10 5 4.21 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2003-07-22 2003-07-28 7 3.27 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2003-09-06 2003-09-13 8 1.88 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2003-10-10 2003-10-30 21 2.09 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2003-11-05 2003-11-15 11 2.38 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2004-08-08 2004-08-15 8 3.23 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2004-09-07 2004-09-12 6 2.02 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2005-04-25 2005-05-22 28 3.12 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2005-05-30 2005-06-07 9 2.63 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2005-06-14 2005-07-24 41 3.76 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2005-08-04 2005-10-03 61 2.90 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2005-10-17 2005-11-01 16 1.78 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2005-12-18 2005-12-25 8 2.59 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2006-01-09 2006-01-13 5 2.51 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2006-09-20 2006-09-24 5 2.23 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2009-07-16 2009-07-22 7 2.80 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2009-12-07 2009-12-11 5 2.39 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2010-01-09 2010-01-16 8 2.53 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2010-01-29 2010-02-04 7 2.35 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2013-10-31 2013-11-09 10 1.73 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2014-01-24 2014-02-08 16 2.80 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2014-03-25 2014-03-31 7 2.09 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2014-05-08 2014-05-12 5 2.96 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2014-08-02 2014-08-11 10 3.62 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2014-08-17 2014-10-27 72 2.54 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2014-11-02 2015-06-07 218 3.55 Severe
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2015-06-23 2015-07-05 13 4.48 Severe
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2015-07-10 2015-07-15 6 2.62 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2015-07-31 2015-08-04 5 2.81 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2015-10-26 2015-11-12 18 2.07 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2015-12-03 2016-07-06 217 4.03 Severe
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2016-07-11 2016-07-18 8 4.94 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2016-07-27 2017-01-14 172 2.90 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2017-02-02 2017-02-06 5 2.71 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2017-04-13 2017-04-25 13 2.25 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2017-05-15 2017-05-21 7 3.07 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2017-09-12 2017-10-16 35 1.80 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2017-10-26 2017-11-09 15 2.01 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2017-12-06 2018-01-23 49 2.52 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2018-02-21 2018-02-25 5 3.00 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2018-10-17 2018-11-01 16 1.92 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2018-11-15 2019-06-18 216 3.37 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2019-07-05 2019-08-01 28 3.62 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2019-08-18 2019-08-29 12 2.86 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2019-09-08 2019-09-20 13 2.03 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2019-11-10 2019-12-30 51 2.90 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2020-06-13 2020-06-20 8 2.44 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2020-07-13 2020-07-21 9 3.41 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2020-08-12 2020-09-04 24 3.14 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2020-09-08 2020-10-29 52 2.22 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2020-11-24 2020-11-29 6 2.06 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2020-12-07 2020-12-18 12 2.17 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2020-12-31 2021-02-03 35 2.55 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2022-05-22 2022-06-17 27 3.12 Strong
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2022-08-28 2022-09-16 20 1.94 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2022-11-23 2022-11-27 5 1.91 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2023-01-06 2023-01-10 5 2.23 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2023-01-21 2023-01-27 7 2.25 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2023-02-02 2023-02-10 9 2.37 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2023-09-24 2023-09-28 5 1.57 Moderate
Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 2023-11-24 2023-12-18 25 2.53 Moderate

Key Points

  • Over the period shown (1982–2023), the annual cumulative intensity of marine heat waves has increased in most coastal U.S. waters, with the largest changes in waters off the northeastern U.S. and Alaskan coasts (Figure 1). Changes were particularly pronounced in the spring in the Northeast and the summer in Alaska (Figure 2).
  • Marine heat wave events have become more widespread and more severe in most U.S. coastal regions in recent years (Figure 3). Region-wide changes in the Northeast and Alaska are particularly evident, as are the location-specific changes in frequency, duration, and intensity at marine protected areas in the Northeast, Alaska, and Hawaii (Figure 4).

Background

Temperature is an important physical characteristic of ocean water. As the Sea Surface Temperature indicator explains, the range of temperature conditions plays an important role in determining what species of plants, animals, and microbes can survive or thrive in a particular area. Long-term changes in these temperature ranges can affect ecological communities by shifting species’ geographic distribution (see the Marine Species Distribution indicator), influencing migration and breeding patterns, and ultimately altering habitat and the movement of nutrients.1

Short-term spikes in temperature also pose a concern. Just like heat waves based on air temperature (see the Heat Waves indicator), marine heat waves are an extreme condition that can severely disrupt marine life. This disruption can cause harm as ocean creatures—particularly those that are stationary, like corals—are not able to escape waters that become too warm to tolerate for an extended period. Marine heat waves are associated with some of the largest disruptions to marine life in recent years. For example, persistent marine heat wave conditions in the northern Pacific have fed harmful algal blooms that then led to closures in the Dungeness crab fishery and deaths of sea lions.2

Daily, weekly, and seasonal variation in sea surface temperature is natural. Ocean temperatures can also vary year to year, due to multi-year cycles such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. As ocean waters become warmer overall, though, marine heat waves will become more common and more extreme.2,3

About the Indicator

This indicator reports on observed trends in the occurrence and intensity of marine heat waves along U.S. coasts over the past four decades, based on daily sea surface temperature measurements. Sea surface temperature records come from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and are based on satellite measurements of water temperature, with additional data from buoys and ships providing confirmation and helping to fill occasional gaps in measurement coverage. The indicator starts in 1982, which was the first full year with available satellite data.

For this indicator, a marine heat wave is a period of at least five days in a row in which the sea surface temperature at a given location is hotter than at least 90 percent of past observations at that location on that particular day of the year. For example, this means the temperature on August 15 at a particular location is compared with August 15 temperatures from many prior years at that location. Thus, a marine heat wave can occur at any time of year—even in winter—if the temperature is much warmer than usual. The indicator uses a 30-year historical reference period of 1982–2011 to establish these thresholds.

Each marine heat wave event can be characterized by its duration (length in days) and its intensity (the number of degrees by which the temperature exceeded the 90 percent threshold). Figure 1 combines the duration, intensity, and frequency of marine heat waves into a single metric called cumulative intensity, measured in degree-days. For example, an event lasting 10 days with an intensity of 5 degrees in each day would have a cumulative intensity of 50 degree-days. This indicator adds degree-days for all events to get an annual total. If a location experiences an increase in annual cumulative intensity over time, that means marine heat waves are becoming either more common, longer, more intense, or some combination of the three.

Figure 1 shows the long-term change in annual cumulative intensity at locations within the U.S. exclusive economic zone, which generally extends up to 200 nautical miles from the coast. Figure 2 follows the same approach but presents trends by season, as certain seasons are important times of year for food source availability and life cycle events like spawning and migration. Figure 3 provides a more detailed look at marine heat waves by coastal region, showing the portion of each region’s area affected by marine heat waves in each year, and the strength of each year’s most severe marine heat wave. Figure 4 provides a detailed timeline of marine heat wave events showing the duration, intensity, and level of severity of each event, focusing on five specific locations as case studies. The five locations are designated marine protected areas, which are areas with particular importance for protecting marine species populations. Examples have been selected from each of the different coastal regions.

Indicator Notes

Sea surface temperature varies seasonally, but a marine heat wave can happen at any time of year if the water temperature is much higher than normal. Temperatures can also vary as a result of year-to-year climate patterns, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation.

The five areas selected for Figure 4 are not meant to be representative of conditions along the entire coastline, but they can be thought of as case studies that more closely illustrate location-specific marine heat wave conditions in ecologically sensitive and protected areas.

Data Sources

This indicator is based on daily sea surface temperature data provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Centers for Environmental Information. These data are available online at: www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/optimum-interpolation-sst.

Technical Documentation

The technical documentation for this indicator is published only on EPA’s website, so it is not available on this site.

References

  1. Cooley, S., Schoeman, D., Bopp, L., Boyd, P., Donner, S., Ghebrehiwet, D. Y., Ito, S.-I., Kiessling, W., Martinetto, P., Ojea, E., Racault, M.-F., Rost, B., & Skern-Mauritzen, M. (2022). Chapter 3: Oceans and coastal ecosystems and their services. In IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), Climate change 2022—Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844.005
  2. Mills, K. E., Osborne, E. B., Bell, R. J., Colgan, C. S., Cooley, S. R., Goldstein, M. C., Griffis, R. B., Holsman, K., Jacox, M., & Micheli, F. (2023). Chapter 10: Ocean ecosystems and marine resources. In USGCRP (U.S. Global Change Research Program), Fifth National Climate Assessment. https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA5.2023.CH10
  3. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). (2019). Summary for policymakers. In The ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate: Special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964.001
  4. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). (2024). Optimum interpolation SST. Retrieved March 1, 2024, from www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/optimum-interpolation-sst

Text on this page is EPA’s own published wording (a U.S. Government work, not subject to domestic copyright), extracted from EPA’s published indicator page and verified paragraph by paragraph against the archived HTML. Data, chart code, and the full extraction pipeline are maintained in the marine-heat-waves repository, which this page reads its data from directly.

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